Adverse uterine environments experienced during fetal development can alter the projected growth pattern of various organs and systems of the body, leaving the offspring at an increased risk of metabolic disease. The thrifty phenotype hypothesis has been demonstrated as an alteration to the growth trajectory to improve the survival and reproductive fitness of the individual. However, when the i...

South Korea management system has been influenced significantly by their traditional social and religious beliefs for hundreds of years. Yet, the 1997 Asian financial crisis has gradually confirmed this shifted, from the Confucius mentality to a close Westernized system. This paper aims to evaluate this management transition in South Korea. The theoretical model of the convergent-divergent, as ...

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in westernized populations. An increased concentration of plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol constitutes a major risk factor for atherosclerosis. Several lines of evidence support a role for oxidatively modified LDL in atherosclerosis and for its in vivo existence. Antioxidants have been shown to decrease atherosclerotic les...

Current orthodoxy states that coronary heart disease results from the unhealthy lifestyles of westernized adults together with a contribution from genetic inheritance. This does not provide a secure basis for prevention of the disease. Geographical studies gave the first clue that the disease originates during intra-uterine development. Variations in mortality from the disease across England an...

Cancer is the second most common cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular diseases [2, 3]. Globally, there were reported 12.7 million new cases of cancer in 2008 (6,639,000 in men and 6,038,000 in women) and 7.6 million deaths due to cancer (4,225,000 in men and 3,345,000 in women) [4, 5]. Cancer is not a modern disease, but as cancer risk increases steeply with age, it is more common nowa...

OBJECTIVE To investigate cut-off values for HOMA1-IR and HOMA2-IR to identify insulin resistance (IR) and metabolic syndrome (MS), and to assess the association of the indexes with components of the MS. METHODS Nondiabetic subjects from the Brazilian Metabolic Syndrome Study were studied (n = 1,203, 18 to 78 years). The cut-off values for IR were determined from the 90th percentile in the hea...

This paper reports the results of the Ultimatum Game (UG), Dictator Game (DG) and Public Goods Game (PGG) played among the Tsimane, a group of forager-horticulturalists living in the Bolivian Amazon. Game results differ significantly from those commonly reported among modern, westernized populations. Without a long history of anonymous interactions, it is highly suspect whether the Tsimane or o...

Abstract The Westernized diet refers to consuming high amounts of saturated fat, sugar, and salt, low dietary fiber. Such a is currently thought contribute non-communicable diseases such as autoimmune diseases, heart disease, cancer. A high-salt (HSD) known affect various organs, including the cardiovascular, renal, central nervous systems. Recently, several studies reported effect HSD on cance...

Obesity is the most common chronic pediatric disease in westernized, especially low socioeconomic societies. We previously demonstrated the beneficial effects of a kindergarten dietary-physical activity intervention applied by the kindergarten teachers, on nutrition and physical activity knowledge and preferences, fitness, and BMI (Body Mass Index) percentile, even one year after the end of int...