We discuss the relation between matrix models and the Seiberg–Witten type (SW) theories, recently proposed by Dijkgraaf and Vafa. In particular, we prove that the partition function of the Hermitean one-matrix model in the planar (large N) limit coincides with the prepotential of the corresponding SW theory. This partition function is the logarithm of a Whitham τ-function. The corresponding Whi...

The study of integrable systems is one important topics both in physics and mathematics. However, traditional studies on are usually restricted (1+1) (2+1) dimensions. main reasons come from the fact that high-dimensional extremely rare. Recently, we found a large number high dimensional can be derived low ones by means deformation algorithm. In this paper, Kaup-Newell (KN) system extended to (...

Algebro-geometric solutions of the lattice potential modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (lpmKP) equation are constructed. A Darboux transformation Kaup--Newell spectral problem is employed to generate a Lax triad for lpmKP equation, as well define commutative integrable symplectic maps which discrete flows eigenfunctions. These share same integrals with finite-dimensional Hamiltonian system associ...

Soliton theory has achieved great success during the last decades; it is being applied to mathematics, physics, biology, astrophysics, and other potential fields [1–12]. The diversity and complexity of soliton theory enable investigators to do research from different views, such as Hamiltonian structure, self-consistent sources, conservation laws, and various solutions of soliton equations. In ...

The Cauchy problem for the Korteweg de Vries (KdV) equation with small dispersion of order ǫ, ǫ ≪ 1, is characterized by the appearance of a zone of rapid modulated oscillations of wave-length of order ǫ. These oscillations are approximately described by the elliptic solution of KdV where the amplitude, wave-number and frequency are not constant but evolve according to the Whitham equations. In...

We have generalized the approach in of Dunajski, Mason and Tod [10] and established a 1-1 correspondence between a solution of the universal Whitham hierarchy [23] and a twistor space. The twistor space consists of a complex surface and a family of complex curves together with a meromorphic 2-form. The solution of the Whitham hierarchy is given by deforming the curve in the surface. By treating...