Introduction EPR was the first spectroscopic method other than UV/visible spectroscopy to be applied systematically to investigations of the structure and functioning of metalloenzymes. The first such EPR studies of xanthine oxidase were reported in 1959 [l]. Since one reduced state of each of the four redox-active centres in the molecule is EPRactive, there is obviously considerable potential ...

Although the sensitivity and dynamic range of EPR are high, the precision of concentration measurements has often been low. Consequently, EPR spectroscopy has a reputation as a rather nonquantitative method. Interlaboratory comparisons of signal area measurements many years ago yielded very discouraging results (1). Since then there have been important improvements in instrumentation and useful...

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) performed with a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) allows for probing the spin excitation of single atomic species MHz energy resolution. One basic applications conventional EPR is precise determination magnetic moments. However, in an STM, local fields spin-polarized tip can introduce systematic errors measurement moments by EPR. We propose to solve this...

In numerous biominerals exposed to ionizing radiation some stable paramagnetic species are induced. Their nature can differ depending on chemical composition of biominerals. The method of choice to study paramagnetic centers in biominerals is electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. When the relationship between EPR signal intensity of stable paramagnetic center and the dose has a li...

Many studies performed in the last decade showed significantly higher absorption rates and a greater local pharmacological effect for drugs applied to the skin entrapped in liposomes as compared to conventional topical formulation [1]. It is also well established that liposome bilayer properties play an important role in transport. But there is a lack of methods by which it is possible to direc...

Rapid field scan on the order of T/s using high frequency sinusoidal or triangular sweep fields superimposed on the main Zeeman field, was used for direct detection of signals without low-frequency field modulation. Simultaneous application of space-encoding rotating field gradients have been employed to perform fast CW EPR imaging using direct detection that could, in principle, approach the s...

The radial mode matching (RMM) method has been used to calculate accurately the microwave field distribution of the TE(011) mode in a spherical EPR cavity containing a linear aqueous sample, in order to understand in detail the factors affecting sensitivity in EPR measurements at X band. Specific details of the experiment were included in the calculations, such as the cavity geometry, the prese...

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy is a well-established spectroscopic method for the examination of paramagnetic molecules. Proteins can contain paramagnetic moieties in form of stable cofactors, transiently formed intermediates, or spin labels artificially introduced to cysteine sites. The focus of this review is to evaluate potential scopes of application of EPR to the emergi...

due to the heterogeneous nature of granular soils and the involvement of many effective parameters in the geotechnical behavior of soil-foundation systems, the accurate prediction of shallow foundation settlements on cohesionless soils is a complex engineering problem. in this study, three new evolutionary-based techniques, including evolutionary polynomial regression (epr), classical genetic p...