A wide range of clinical techniques and investigations is available to healthcare professionals to survey the condition of a fetus in the womb. These may be deployed from early pregnancy to birth. They range from the use of traditional equipment such as a Pinard's stethoscope, which allows direct auscultation of the fetal heartbeat, to ultrasound imaging of the fetus, which gives an ever-increa...

We appreciate the close reading and thoughtful comments El-Dib and Glass (1) give our report (2). In our study, 40 premature newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) were randomly assigned to receive 3 h/d of auditory enrichment in the form of recorded maternal sounds (RMS; intervention group) or to receive standard care (control). The RMS included mother’s voice and heartbeat sounds...

A method is proposed for delivering an absorbed dose to a target during brachytherapy cervical cancer by using new applicator, which consists of annular part and two uterine canals. The design the applicator makes it possible implement required depth, taking into account anatomical features, widely cover cervix corporis womb with 100 % isodose irradiation, deliver planned dose. patient admitted...

Thousands of women experience uterine factor infertility (UFI).1 Some are born without a womb (Müllerian agenesis)2; others have had a hysterectomy for a myriad of uterine-related pathologies. Many of these women, whether suffering from congenital or acquired uterine infertility, retain a strong desire to be able to bear their own biological child.3 Currently, the only clinically tested option ...

Trends in the civil registration of fetal death in multiple gestations that has occurred before, but expelled from the womb after, 24 weeks' gestation are examined using England and Wales 1993-2004 registration obtained from the Office for National Statistics. Count was made of fetal death registrations in which fetus papyraceous, fetal death before 24 weeks' gestation or fetocide before 24 wee...

Since its introduction in the 1960s ultrasound has developed and grown until there are now very few women who have not had ultrasound exposure during their pregnancy or labour. While the early researchers were aware of the potential harm that ultrasound could cause, and urged that "the possibility of hazard should be kept under constant review", the enthusiasm for finding out more and more abou...

This influential opinion by famed jurist Oliver Wendell Holmes [5], Jr. was copied by courts throughout the United States. For over sixty years, courts refused to recognize a cause of action on behalf of a child who died before or after birth as a result of injuries suffered in the womb [6] because the fetus [7] was considered legally a part of its mother and thus did not possess personhood [8]...

Burgio E. Environment and Fetal Programming: the origins of some current “pandemics”. J Pediatr Neonat Individual Med. 2015;4(2):e040237. doi: 10.7363/040237. Proceedings of the 11 International Workshop on Neonatology and Satellite Meetings Cagliari (Italy) · October 26-31, 2015 From the womb to the adult Guest Editors: Vassilios Fanos (Cagliari, Italy), Michele Mussap (Genoa, Italy), Antonio ...

Menstruation is the periodic shedding (usually monthly) of the lining of the womb. Generally speaking, menstruation starts during puberty around 10–16 years old and continues until the menopause about 45–55 years old. An average menstrual cycle is about 28 days, but it may vary between 24–35 days. According to a study most women have more than 500 periods in a lifetime. Any abnormality of the a...