Noise impacts resources and visitor experience in many protected natural areas, and visitors can be the dominant source of noise. This experimental study tested the efficacy and acceptability of signs asking visitors to be quiet at Muir Woods National Monument, California. Signs declaring a "quiet zone" (at the park's Cathedral Grove) or a "quiet day" (throughout the park) were posted on a rand...

We show that for any free Araki-Woods factor M = Γ(HR, Ut) ′′ of type III1, the bicentralizer of the free quasi-free state φU is trivial. Using Haagerup’s Theorem, it follows that there always exists a faithful normal state ψ on M such that (M) ∩M = C.

Article history: Received 25 August 2008 Received in revised form 17 October 2008 Accepted 21 October 2008 Available online 17 November 2008

Wood is a naturally renewable material with both continuous and isolated pore systems. Wood-composite panels have the privilege of offering a homogeneous structure to be used as constructional and structural materials. However, its nature makes it susceptible to biological wood-deteriorating agents, water absorption and thickness swelling, fire, etc. Using nano-materials are very easy in the wo...

An essential element for the sustainable use of renewable resources is an efficient comminution process. For processes, detailed knowledge fracturing processes necessary. Therefore, single-particle under impact stress was investigated, and influence moisture content particle size in beech wood described. The extent applicability existing models to wood, modeling breakage probability function br...