Competition is the most common type of interaction occurring between wood-decaying higher fungi. Since competition for nutrients in organic resources is effectively brought about by competition for space, the common division into interference and exploitation competition is not very appropriate. Fungal competition can be divided into primary resource capture (obtaining uncolonized resources) an...

The current economic paradigm, which is based on increasing human population, economic development, and standard of living, is no longer compatible with the biophysical limits of the finite Earth. Failure to recover from the economic crash of 2008 is not due just to inadequate fiscal and monetary policies. The continuing global crisis is also due to scarcity of critical resources. Our macroecol...

the mean fiber length of three beech trees (fagus orientalis l.) at the lower and higher points (1% and 75% tree height) of the stem at an intermediate altitude (500-1000m) in the caspian forests in sari region were 1.36 and 1.22mm respectively, close to the values in three trees at high altitude (1000-1500m), that were found to be 1.39 and 1.36 mm. the mean fiber lengths of the whole stem, usi...

wood vinegar is the aqueous phase of the liquid produced during the slow pyrolysis of wood.it has the potential to be used as a pesticide against various weeds, insects and molluscs. due to divergentfeedstocks, pyrolysis processes and storing conditions, the chemical composition of wood vinegar variesbetween producers and time. the aim of our current study was to use the copse snail arianta arb...

Wood is a porous three dimensional, hydroscopic, viscoelastic, anisotropic bio-polymer composite composed of an interconnecting matrix of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin with minor amounts of inorganic elements and organic extractives. Some, but not all, of the cell wall polymer hydroxyl groups are accessible to moisture and these accessible hydroxyls form hydrogen bonds with water. As the...

There are very few resources available to the timber industry that will enable the accurate identification of major tree species within Papua New Guinea. The unnecessary destruction of rare and otherwise valuable tree species has, in part, resulted from the inability to distinguish these species from the preferred timber species. Furthermore, the mixture of unwanted timber with that from prefer...

Operations research (OR) is concerned with scientifically deciding how to best design and operate people–machine systems, usually under conditions requiring the allocation of scarce resources. This publication, one of a series, is offered to supervisors, lead people, middle managers, and anyone who has responsibility for operations planning in manufacturing facilities or corporate planning over...

Journal: Canadian Journal of Forest Research Manuscript ID cjfr-2017-0091.R1 Manuscript Type: Article Date Submitted by the Author: 13-Jun-2017 Complete List of Authors: Eberhardt, Thomas; USDA Forest Service, Forest Products Laboratory Dahlen, Joseph; University of Georgia, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources Schimleck, Laurie; Oregon State University, College of Forestry Keyword:...

5-Halomethylfurfurals can be considered as platform chemicals of high reactivity making them useful for the preparation of a variety of important compounds. In this study, a one-pot route for the conversion of carbohydrates into 5-chloromethylfurfural (CMF) in a simple and efficient (HCl-H3PO4/CHCl3) biphasic system has been investigated. Monosaccharides such as D-fructose, D-glucose and sorbos...