The hypersensitive response (HR) is defined as rapid cell collapse at the infection site and often accompanies plant resistance. The physiological processes leading to HR are not well understood. Here, we report an electrophysiological characterization of bacterial HR caused by a single avirulence gene in the absence of other bacterial signals. We used dexamethasone (dex)-inducible transgenic A...

BACKGROUND The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the apical sealing ability of two endodontic root-end filling materials namely, iRoot SP (ceramic based) and ProRoot MTA using the bacterial leakage system. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of fifty recently extracted, single rooted teeth with a single straight canal were selected for the study. The teeth were chemo mechanically prepa...

Traditional wisdom holds that once documents are turned into bag-of-words (unigram count) vectors, word orders are completely lost. We introduce an approach that, perhaps surprisingly, is able to learn a bigram language model from a set of bag-of-words documents. At its heart, our approach is an EM algorithm that seeks a model which maximizes the regularized marginal likelihood of the bagof-wor...

Leakage resilient cryptography aims to address the issue of inadvertent and unexpected information leakages from physical cryptographic implementations at algorithmic level in a provable manner. In real world, for an abstract mathematical construction to be an actual physical implementation, it usually undergoes two phases: mathematical realization at algorithmic level and physical realization ...

INTRODUCTION This in vitro study compared the apical sealing ability of three common root end filling materials namely mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA), intermediate restorative material (IRM) and calcium-enriched mixture (CEM) cement using a bacterial leakage model. METHODS AND MATERIALS The study was conducted on 83 single-rooted human teeth. Tooth crowns were cut and root canals were prepa...

AIM To evaluate the resistance to ex vivo bacterial leakage over a 40-day period of root canal fillings with five new root canal sealers: RC Sealer, Epiphany, EndoREZ, GuttaFlow and Acroseal, compared with Apexit, AH Plus and RoekoSeal. METHODOLOGY One hundred and forty-four single rooted human teeth were divided randomly into eight test (n = 15) and two control groups (n = 12). The root cana...

ABSTRACT The pepper genotype, ECW-12346, was developed with bacterial spot resistance derived from Pep13, PI 271322, and ECW123 (Early Calwonder containing Bs1, Bs2, and Bs3 genes). For genetic analysis of this resistance, ECW12346, ECW123, F(1), F(2), and backcrosses were inoculated with a pepper race 6 (P6) strain. Two recessive genes were identified that determined resistance. The genes are ...

INTRODUCTION Coronal leakage seems to play an important role in the failure of endodontic treatment. A double seal over root canal filling has been suggested as a means of improving the coronal seal. Several restorative materials have been used in an attempt to produce a coronal barrier. The purpose of this study was to assess gray-coloured mineral trioxide aggregate (GMTA), white-coloured mine...

Bis-quaternary ammonium compounds (bis-QACs) have the ability to cause a rapid and abundant leakage of the turbid materials from cells, and such a bacterioclastic ability leads to a potent bactericidal activity. In order to clarify the detailed mechanism of the bactericidal action of bis-QACs, the correlation between the bacterioclastic action of 4,4'-(1,6-hexamethylenedithio)bis(1-octylpyridin...