Visual working memory is the cognitive system that holds visual information active to make it resistant to interference from new perceptual input. Information about simple stimuli-colors and orientations-is encoded into working memory rapidly: In under 100 ms, working memory ‟fills up," revealing a stark capacity limit. However, for real-world objects, the same behavioral limits do not hold: Wi...

6 参考文献 [1] Kyllonen, P.C. (1996) Is working memory capacity Spearman’s gIn Human Abilities: their Nature and Measurement (Dennis, I. and Tapsfield, P., eds), pp. 49-75, Erlbaum スペアマンの特徴的な貢献因子は人間認知 の中で彼の特定した一般的な因子が中心である. [2] Jensen, A.R. (1998) The g Factor: the Science of Mental Ability, Praeger G因子についての本で,私が最 初に想定していたよりもはるかに広い視野で g因子と考えることができる. [3] Conway, A.R.A. et al. (2002) A latent variabl...

Working memory is one of the most intensively studied psychological processes, but little is known about what distinguishes individuals in their working memory capacity. Recent evidence from electroencephalogram recordings suggests that one crucial component of this variation is our ability to exclude irrelevant information.

Working-memory capacity is conceptually differentiated according to functions and contents. The resulting two-faceted structure parallels the structure of intellectual abilities in the Berlin Intelligence Structure Model (BIS) [Diagnostica 28 (1982) 195.]. A battery of 17 working-memory tasks, chosen to represent the proposed facet structure of working memory, was administered together with a t...

OBJECTIVE To measure working memory capacity among a cohort of collegiate athletes and to compare results between athletes competing in head-contact-prone sports with those not subject to repeated head contacts. A secondary objective was to determine the effect of sport-related concussion on working memory capacity. DESIGN Ambidirectional cohort study. SETTING Athletics department at an Ame...

The relationship between working memory and deliberative processing was examined in a human contingency learning experiment that employed the combined positive and negative patterning procedure of Shanks and Darby (1998). Participants with a large working memory capacity showed generalization consistent with the application of an opposites rule (i.e., a compound and its elements signal opposite...

We examined the relation between pressureinduced performance decrements, or ‘‘choking under pressure,’’ in mathematical problem solving and individual differences in working memory capacity. In cognitively based academic skills such as math, pressure is thought to harm performance by reducing the working memory capacity available for skill execution. Results demonstrated that only individuals h...