Drug discovery and development is a high-risk enterprise that requires significant investments in capital, time and scientific expertise. The studies of xenobiotic metabolism remain as one of the main topics in the research and development of drugs, cosmetics and nutritional supplements. Antihypertensive drugs are used for the treatment of high blood pressure, which is one the most frequent sym...

We investigated the role of the growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor-1 (GH/IGF-1) axis on caloric restriction (CR) using male wild-type and transgenic homozygous dwarf rats bearing an antisense GH transgene and their F1 heterozygous progeny fed either ad libitum or subjected to 30% CR. CR predominantly altered expression of hepatic genes involved in the stress response, xenobiotic metaboli...

INTRODUCTION It has been known for a long time that the efficiency and toxicity of drugs change during a 24-h period. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes have started to emerge only recently. AREAS COVERED This review aims to highlight recent discoveries showing the direct role of the molecular circadian clock in xenobiotic metabolism at the transcriptional and post-...

The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) regulates expression of genes encoding drug/xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A5 is involved in drug metabolism. However, regulation CYP3A5 gene not yet well understood. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect ligands AhR on expression. mRNA was induced by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) such as 3-methylcholanthrene (3M...

Intestinal microbiota play an important role in our health by immune system modulation, nutrient and xenobiotic metabolism, and sensitivity to radiation-induced injury. The individual susceptibility of humans to radiation is poorly understood and its determination accomplished by large uncertainties in radiation exposure (and radiation risk estimation) which include radiation-quality, dose-rate...

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of Achromobacter sp. strain DMS1, which is 4.9 Mbp and has 3,727 coding sequences (CDSs), and is capable of degrading xenobiotic compounds and harboring genes for aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism. Its genome will unravel the basic mechanism involved in bioremediation of anthropogens.

An arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT) responsible for the N acetylation of exogenous 3-amino-4-hydroxybenzoic acid in Streptomyces griseus was identified and characterized. This enzyme was distinct from other eukaryotic and bacterial NATs in that it acetylated various 2-aminophenol derivatives more effectively than it acetylated 5-aminosalicylic acid, and thus it may be involved in the metabol...

Introduction Despite the predominance of invertebrate phyla in the animal kingdom, relatively very little is known about the mechanisms whereby invertebrates activate xenobiotics to toxic products, especially in organisms other than insects. Aquatic invertebrates are particularly susceptible to contaminant exposure and, to predict the risk to these organisms it is important to gain an understan...

Paracoccus sp. strain TRP, isolated from activated sludge, could completely biodegrade chlorpyrifos and 3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinol. Here we report the draft genome sequence of Paracoccus sp. strain TRP, which could be used to predict genes for xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism.

A global proteomics approach was applied to model the hepatic response elicited by the toxicologically well-characterized xenobiotic phenobarbital (PB), a prototypical inducer of hepatic xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes and a well-known nongenotoxic liver carcinogen in rats. Differential detergent fractionation two-dimensional liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometr...