In the present investigation, the oxidizing roasting process of chromite with sodium carbonate to prepare potassium dichromate crystals was studied in the microwave field with air, by heating the chromite and sodium carbonate. The chromite and sodium carbonate heated separately at 1000 ◦C in the microwave oven (frequency: 2.45 GHz; power 1.5 kW) in order to study the microwave absorption proper...

A breadboard setup constructed at MOXTEK, Inc. is capable of capturing both XRF and XRD information using a charge-coupled device (CCD) as the x-ray detector. This preliminary setup will lead to a prototype simultaneous XRD/XRF instrument. NASA is funding the instrument’s construction because of its capabilities and small size; it could be used for future Mars missions for rock analysis. The in...

Ceria-titania solutions with compositions of Ce0.9Ti0.1O2 and Ce0.8Ti0.2O2 were prepared by the citric-acid (Pechini) method and characterized using x-ray diffraction (XRD) for structure, coulometric titration for redox thermodynamics, and water-gas-shift (WGS) reaction rates. Following calcination at 973 K, XRD suggests that the mixed oxides exist as single-phase, fluorite structures, although...

Micro-Raman spectroscopy has been used to follow the reaction of free lime (CaO) exposed for 24h to moist air at 80 °C under conditions of different relative humidities (10-80% RH). X-ray diffraction and SEM imaging were applied as complementary techniques. The conversion of lime to calcium hydroxide and its subsequent carbonation to various calcium carbonate polymorphs was found to strongly de...

Indium tin oxide (ITO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) anti-reflective coatings (ARCs) were deposited on a (100) P-type monocrystalline Si substrate by a radio-frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering. Polycrystalline ITO and anatase TiO2 films were obtained at room temperature (RT). The thickness of ITO (60 to 64 nm) and TiO2 (55 to 60 nm) films was optimized, considering the optical response in the 40...

The BaZrxTi1-xO3: Eu 3+ phosphors have been synthesized the conventional solid state reaction method. Mechanoluminescence (ML) and thermoluminescence (TL) in barium zirconium titanate (BZT) system with Europium as dopant is reported for the first time. The BZT system belongs to perovskite family. The samples are prepared in a high temperature furnace at a temperature of 1200 o C. The powder X r...

Zinc borate is an important boron compound that can be used as multi-functional flame retardant additive due to its high dehydration temperature property. In this study, the raw materials of ZnSO4.7H2O, NaOH and H3BO3 were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and used in the synthesis of zinc borates. The synthesis parameters were set to 1...

In this paper, strain transfer efficiencies from a single crystalline piezoelectric lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate substrate to a GaAs semiconductor membrane bonded on top are investigated using state-of-the-art x-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and finite-element-method (FEM) simulations. Two different bonding techniques are studied, namely, gold-thermo-compression and polymer-based SU8...

Pb(Zr0.52Ti0.48)O3/polycarbonate (PZT/PC) composite films with different concentration of PZT ferroelectric nanocrystals are prepared. The polarization and dielectric relaxation behavior of PZT ferroelectric nanocrystals are characterized using in situ transmittance and X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements for the first time. It's found that 10% PZT/PC composite film has the largest orientation...

Bentonite clay collected from Jabal Umm Ali area NE of Khartoum (Sudan) was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was then purified by treatment with distilled water and activated with sulfuric acid at 90 oC for 3.5 hrs. XRD indicated modification of activated bentonite with enhanced surface area. Several cations were removed from octahedral sheet (Mg, Al, and Fe). Increasing the acid co...