Seventy seven adult large mixed breed dogs of either sex were included in this study. The animals were randomly divided into four groups and received the following drug combinations intramuscularly: Group 1 xylazine (0.5 mg/kg) and acepromazine (0.05 mg/kg), Group 2 xylazine (0.8 mg/kg) and acepromazine (0.03 mg/kg), Group 3 xylazine (0.3 mg/kg) and acepromazine (0.08 mg/kg) and Group 4 xylazin...

Oxidative stress may cause various neuronal dysfunctions and modulate responses to many centrally acting drugs. This study examines the effects of oxidative stress produced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on sedation induced by diazepam or xylazine as assessed in 7-14 day-old chicks. Day-old chicks were provided with either plane tap water (control group) or H2O2 in tap water as 0.5% v/v drinking s...

The objective of this study was to evaluate several drug combinations for intraperitoneal anaesthesia in laboratory rats. Following dose determination of anaesthetics in a pilot study, 45 healthy adult male rats were randomly assigned in 9 treatment groups and received propofol (alone or in combination with xylazine, midazolam, or ketamine) or ketamine (in combination with xylazine, midazolam, ...

Objective- Evaulation of analgesic and sedative characteristics of xylazine/ketaminecombination for caudal epidural analgesia in comparison with two routine agents in donkey.Design- Cross over study.Animals- Five healthy adult donkeys of both sexes with body weights ranging from 150-200 kg.Procedures- Three treatments [lidocaine HCl 2% (0.22 mg kg^-1), xylazine HCl 2% (0.17 mg kg^-1) and xylazi...

Objective- The objective of the present study was to define electrocardiographic data following intranasal administration of diazepam, midazolam and xylazine with or without Ketamine in Chough. Design- To determine the heart effects of anesthetics in intranasal administration, an experimental in vivo study was employed. Animals- Ten healthy Choughs were examined in the current study...

In India, leopards (Panthera pardus fusca) inhabit human-dominated landscapes, resulting in encounters that require interventions to prevent harm to people, as well as the leopards. Immobilization is a prerequisite for any such intervention. Such emergency field immobilizations have to be carried out with limited tools, often amidst large uncontrollable crowds. An effective and practicable appr...

safe and effective sedation methods are as much important for small pet birds as for the other animals not only for surgical procedures but also for safe handling and diagnostic and clinical procedures such as radiography, wound dressing, blood collection, endoscopy and fracture repair procedures. the aim of this study is comparison of sedation efficacy in intranasal administration of xylazine,...

A robust CE method for the simultaneous determination of the enantiomers of ketamine and norketamine in equine plasma is described. It is based upon liquid-liquid extraction of ketamine and norketamine at alkaline pH from 1 mL plasma followed by analysis of the reconstituted extract by CE in the presence of a pH 2.5 Tris-phosphate buffer containing 10 mg/mL highly sulfated beta-CD as chiral sel...