Many patients suffering of chronic insomnia are prescribed, particularly if treated by nonpsychiatrists, various types of hypnotics. Among these drugs, 3 rd generation hypnotics became increasingly popular. In contrast to benzodiazepines, it is believed that zolpidem may restore physiological sleep 1 .According to Voderholzer et al 2 , zolpidem has only slight and non significant rebound effect...

ZolpiMist™ is an oral spray formulation of the hypnotic compound zolpidem that was approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2008 with an indication for the short-term treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty with sleep initiation. It was developed by NovaDel Pharma, Inc. using their patented NovaMist™ spray technology. The recommended doses are 10 mg for adults and 5 mg for e...

Zolpidem is a non-benzodiazepine drug that has selectivity for the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors. We experienced paradoxical effect of zolpidem in a 48-year-old male patient with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury after cardiac arrest. The patient was in stupor and could not communicate. His Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) was E2M4V2 and Rancho Los Amigos (RLA) was grade III to IV. Zolpidem was ...

the paradoxical “arousing” effect of Zolpidem, a highly selective nonbenzodiazepine gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonist acting on the [omega]-1 site of the GABA A receptor, in persistent vegetative state (PVS), in minimally conscious state (MCS) patients, ischemic stroke cases, after brain injury, and in patients suffering hypoxic encephalopathy.1 We describe here this paradoxical arousing e...

CONTEXT Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and hypnotic medications are efficacious for short-term treatment of insomnia, but few patients achieve complete remission with any single treatment. It is unclear whether combined or maintenance therapies would enhance outcome. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the added value of medication over CBT alone for acute treatment of insomnia and the effects of main...

GABA(A) receptors (GABA(A)-Rs) are pentameric structures consisting of two alpha, two beta, and one gamma subunit. The alpha subunit influences agonist efficacy, benzodiazepine pharmacology, and kinetics of activation/deactivation. To investigate the contribution of the alpha1 subunit to native GABA(A)-Rs, we analyzed miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs) in CA1 hippocampal pyrami...

Background Since their introduction at the beginning of the 1990s the short half-life nonbenzodiazepine hypnotics, zolpidem and zopiclone, rapidly were among the most frequently prescribed hypnotics. Surveys showed that around 1996 the most frequently prescribed hypnotic in the US was zolpidem, while zolpidem and zopiclone were among the five most frequently used hypnotics in Europe [1, 2]. The...

In response to stressful events, neonatal mice emit ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs), which are suppressed by BZ agonists. The present study examined the role of the benzodiazepine/a1 (BZ/a1) receptor subtype in the suppression engendered by the BZ/a1-preferring agonist zolpidem and the nonselective BZ agonists triazolam and diazepam. The role of BZ receptor subtypes was explored further by cond...