A rapid sandwiched immunoassay of microcystin-LR (MC-LR) in water is proposed with flow injection chemiluminescence detection. The magnetic beads (MBs) were first modified with polyethyleneimine (PEI) by acylamide bond between the carboxyl group on the surface of MBs and the primary amine group in PEI, followed by immobilizing of anti-MC-LR (Ab1) onto PEI with glutaraldehyde as linkage. The res...

Lateral root (LR) emergence represents a highly coordinated process in which the plant hormone auxin plays a central role. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed to function as important signals during auxin-regulated LR formation; however, their mode of action is poorly understood. Here, we report that Arabidopsis roots exposed to ROS show increased LR numbers due to the activation o...

We present a practical, language independent mechanism for error recovery in LR parsers. The method is easy to implement in existing parser generators. It uses only the normal parse tables and a small amount of symbol cost information. It is possible to use compressed parse tables with the method, as well as other LR augmentations such as precedence and associativity declarations. The method is...

We give a new treatment of tabular LR parsing, which is an alternative to Tomita’s generalized LR algorithm. The advantage is twofold. Firstly, our treatment is conceptually more attractive because it uses simpler concepts, such as grammar transformations and standard tabulation techniques also know as chart parsing. Secondly, the static and dynamic complexity of parsing, both in space and time...

b The University of Alabama at Birmingham Department of Computer and Information Sciences 115A Campbell Hall, 1300 University Boulevard, Birmingham, Alabama 35294-1170, United States { bryant, gray}@cis.uab.edu Phone: +1 205-934-2213 Fax: +1 205-934-5473 c University of Maribor Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Smetanova ulica 17, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia marjan.mernik@uni-mb...

Common LR parser generators lack abstraction facilities for defining recurring patterns of productions. Although there are generators capable of supporting regular expressions on the right hand side of productions, no generator supports user defined patterns in grammars. Parameterized LR parsing extends standard LR parsing technology by admitting grammars with parameterized non-terminal symbols...

We thank Solomon for his observations and comments regarding our recent article on biochemical and neurologic responses to vitamin B-12 treatment in asymptomatic Chilean elderly (1). Our article highlighted the most important effects of treatment; in this response to Solomon’s questions, we provide additional details. Serum vitamin B-12 ,120 pmol/L was used as a cutoff to define participants wh...

This thesis concerns the parsing of context-free grammars. A parser is a tool, defined for a specific grammar, that constructs a syntactic representation of an input string and determines if the string is grammatically correct or not. An algorithm that is capable of parsing any context-free grammar is called a generalised (contextfree) parser. This thesis is devoted to the theoretical analysis ...

This paper presents a newly formalized probabilistic LR language model. Our model inherits its essential features from Briscoe and Carroll's generalized probabilistic LR (PLR) model [3], which obtains context-sensitivity by assigning a probability to each LR parsing action according to its left and right context. However, our model is simpler while maintaining a higher degree of context-sensiti...

Leptin and insulin are secreted into the maternal and to a lesser extent into the fetal bloodstream where they act as placental signals and nourish the fetus, making them possible candidates for the endocrine control of the placenta. We investigated differences in leptin (LR) and insulin receptors (IR) expression in normal and disturbed first trimester human pregnancy at protein level by immuno...