Background.  Many mechanisms are involved in pain transmission in the spinal cord.  Therefore, combination of drugs acting on different kinds of mechanisms might be useful for analgesia.  We investigated the interaction betweenγ-aminobutyric acid （GABA）B receptor agonist, baclofen, and N-methyl-D-aspartate （NMDA） receptor antagonist, AP-5, orα-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid ...

Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate of antimigraine activity methanolic extract Abroma augusta L. leaves in laboratory animals. Methods: was evaluated against nitroglycerine (NTG, 10 mg·kg−1, i. p.) and bradykinin (BK, µg, intra-arterial) induced hyperalgesia rats. Rats were divided randomly into six groups: normal, control, standard (sumatriptan, 42 s. c.), (100,200 400 p. o.). In t...

There are controversial reports on the effect of diabetes on the pain threshold. We used male Wistar rats to see the effect of streptozotocin induced diabetes on the tail flick, vocalisation and vocalisation after discharge responses. These represent the spinal, lower brain stem and hypothalamic responses respectively. The effect of morphine in these parameters was studied for both the control ...

In the present study the effects of both CCK receptor agonists and antago­ nists on antinociception induced by morphine in the tail-flick test have been evalu­ ated. M orphine induced dose-dependent antinoci�eption in mice. The response of morphine was potentiated by sulfated cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8S) but not by unsulfated cholecystokinin-8 (CCK-8U). The CCK receptor antagonists MK-329 and L-3...

the present study was performed to evaluate the analgesic effect of morphine microinjection into the cuneiformis nucleus (cnf) and the effect of inactivation of this area by lidocaine on pain modulation. rats were anaesthetized by thiopental (45-60 mg/kg/i.p.) and placed in a stereotaxic instrument, and then a guide cannula was implanted just one mm above the cnf. following surgery and recovery...

Ingestion of placenta has previously been shown to enhance opiate-mediated analgesia (measured as tail-flick latency) induced either by morphine injection or by footshock. The present study was designed to test whether placenta ingestion would enhance the partly opiate-mediated analgesia produced by vaginal/cervical stimulation. Nulliparous Sprague-Dawley rats were tested for analgesia, using t...

OBJECTIVE(S) The aim of study was to investigate the antinociceptive effect of intracerebroventricular (ICV) microinjection of Origanum vulgare (ORG) extract and possible involvement of opioid receptors. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cannula was inserted into left ventricle of male rats. Five days after surgery Tail Flick Latency (TFL) was measured after ICV microinjection of, ORG (1, 3 and 6 µg / ra...

In this study, we investigated the feasibility of applying neural networks to understanding movement-based visual signals. Networks based on three different models were constructed, varying in their input format and network architecture: a Static Input model, a Dynamic Input model and a Feedback model. The task for all networks was to distinguish a lizard (Amphibolurus muricatus) tail-flick fro...

in the present study the effects of both cck receptor agonists and antagonists on antinociception induced by morphine in the tail-flick test have been evaluated. m orphine induced dose-dependent antinociception in mice. the response of morphine was potentiated by sulfated cholecystokinin-8 (cck-8s) but not by unsulfated cholecystokinin-8 (cck-8u). the cck receptor antagonists mk-329 and l-365, ...

The latency of the heat-activated rat tail-flick (TF) reflex is dependent upon 4 variables, none of which has previously been determined: activation of cutaneous nociceptors (TN); afferent conduction to the dorsal horn (TA); conduction within the central nervous system (CNS) (central delay); and conduction from the ventral horn (VH) to, and activation of, tail muscles (TE). Using a CO2 infrared...