Since geosynthetic interfaces often serve as a weak plane on which sliding may occur, shear strengths of these need to be carefully assessed. In this case study, and soil samples were exhumed from the base side slope constructed facility generate site specific data. The importance using representative materials performing interface testing under conditions similar those expected in field are di...

The expression of the c-fos protooncogene was investigated by in situ hybridization in normal murine bone marrow cells. A strong signal was found in murine marrow cells having the morphologic features of erythroblasts. This result was confirmed in human marrow cells using a double labeling technique (in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry). A majority (70%) of the cells expressing c-fos ...

We have previously shown that c-Fos activates phospholipid synthesis through a mechanism independent of its genomic AP-1 activity. Herein, using PC12 cells induced to differentiate by nerve growth factor, the genomic effect of c-Fos in initiating neurite outgrowth is shown as distinct from its nongenomic effect of activating phospholipid synthesis and sustaining neurite elongation. Blocking c-F...

Fos and Jun, the protein products of the nuclear proto-oncogenes c-fos and c-jun, associate preferentially to form a heterodimer that binds to DNA and modulates transcription of a wide variety of genes in response to mitogenic stimuli. Both Fos and Jun contain a single leucine zipper region. Previous studies have shown that the leucine zippers of Fos and Jun are necessary and sufficient to medi...

Probiotic supplements induce immunological responses in the host, and dietary fructooligosaccharides (FOS) stimulate the growth of selected intestinal microflora. In this study we investigated the immunological influences of orally administrated FOS. BALB/c mice were orally administered 0-7.5% FOS for 6 weeks, and the intestinal mucosal immune responses were measured. In the 2.5%-FOS group, fec...

Context-induced reinstatement of drug seeking is a well established animal model for assessing the neural mechanisms underlying context-induced drug relapse, a major factor in human drug addiction. Neural activity in striatum has previously been shown to contribute to context-induced reinstatement of heroin, cocaine, and alcohol seeking, but not yet for methamphetamine seeking. In this study, w...

In contrast to most expectations, we showed previously that dietary fructooligosaccharides (FOS) stimulate intestinal colonization and translocation of invasive Salmonella enteritidis in rats. Even before infection, FOS increased the cytotoxicity of fecal water, mucin excretion, and intestinal permeability. In the present study, we tested whether FOS has these effects in humans. A double-blind,...

We studied c-Fos staining in adult male rats after 48 h of water deprivation and after 46 h of water deprivation with 2 h of access to water or physiological saline. Controls were allowed ad libitum access to water and physiological saline. For immunocytochemistry, anesthetized rats were perfused with a commercially available antibody for c-Fos. Dehydration significantly increased plasma vasopr...

These studies examined Fos protein expression in spinal cord neurons synaptically activated by stimulation of bladder afferent pathways after spinal cord injury (SCI). In urethan-anesthetized Wistar rats after SCI for 6 wk, intravesical saline distension significantly (P </= 0.005) increased the number of Fos-immunoreactive (IR) cells in the rostrolumbar (L1, 38 cells/section; L2, 29 cells/sect...

We examined the extent to which basal levels of corticosterone, which vary in a circadian fashion, influence the pattern of Fos protein expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), the hippocampal formation and three different functional cortical areas. Basal and poststress (1 h of restraint) Fos expression, as determined by immunohistochemistry, was examined in male rat...