Stronger intellectual property rights (IPRs) induce specialization and contribute to economic growth. In the United States, a sweeping pro-patent legal reform in 1982 fostered specialization and enhanced firm performance. Around the world, countries experience faster economic growth when their innovating sectors are characterized by a higher level of specialization. An endogenous growth model w...

Abstract Intellectual property rights (IPRs) have become increasingly important for firms in today’s knowledge-based economy, as evidenced by the strong growth their use. The vital role of IPRs has motivated research into association with firm performance. However, few firm-level studies been conducted developing countries. Moreover, empirical on use IPR bundles and economic performance are sca...

Entrepreneurship is an important determinant of innovation and growth with uneven spatial distribution. In addition, the mechanism entrepreneurship affected by administrative hierarchies. However, driving forces behind differences are not clear. Therefore, this study aims to examine key determinants clarifying roles localisation economies intellectual property rights (IPRs) protection from 2008...

This book seeks to provide a deep analysis of both the advantages and disadvantages adopting IPRs safeguard ICH.

The end of the twentieth century was marked by a sea change in global governance in the realm of intellectual property rights (IPRs). Whereas countries historically retained substantial autonomy with regard to what they defined as intellectual ‘‘property’’ and the rights granted to the owners of intellectual property, the 1990s witnessed the establishment of new global obligations regarding nat...

Much of the value of firms in the digital economy is in the intellectual capital of their assets. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) provide tools to extract value from intellectual capital. Not surprisingly, we are seeing firms trying to secure more and more rights in their intellectual property. It has become common e.g. to file patents for firm’s business method. On the other hand, there is...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS To estimate the current birth prevalence of isolated and syndromic Pierre Robin sequence (iPRS and sPRS), including demographic variations. To assess for regional variations in surgical airway interventions for PRS, and to determine the mean length of stay (LOS), cost of admission, complication rate, and rate of associated procedures related to tongue-lip adhesion (TLA), n...