The evaluation of the instantaneous three-dimensional pressure field from tomographic PIV data relies on the accurate estimate of the Lagrangian acceleration. To date, techniques to reconstruct the Lagrangian trajectories from velocity fields obtained by Tomo-PIV have been used. Nevertheless, the reconstruction of relatively long trajectories, beneficial for the reduction of the precision error...

We analyze representative ill-posed scenarios of tomographic PIV with a focus on conditions for unique volume reconstruction. Based on sparse random seedings of a region of interest with small particles, the corresponding systems of linear projection equations are probabilistically analyzed in order to determine (i) the ability of unique reconstruction in terms of the imaging geometry and the c...

We introduce a novel class of algorithms for evaluating PIV image pairs. The mathematical basis is a continuous variational formulation for globally estimating the optical flow vector fields over the whole image. This class of approaches has been known in the field of image processing and computer vision for more than two decades but apparently has not been applied to PIV image pairs so far. We...

A simultaneous measurement technique for the velocity distributions and scholar distributions, e.g., pressure, temperature, and so on, has been proposed. It visualized the spatial distribution using the multi-purpose particles, which has been coated with pressure-sensitive dye. The proposed particle technique, called the PSParticle method, is a hybrid system combining the technologies of pressu...

Peripheral intravenous catheters (PIVs) are mainstays of modern medical intervention, placed in >25 million US patients annually1 and in at least 44% of pediatric inpatients.2 Although PIVs are often essential for delivering medications, hydration, and nutrition to ill children, they are not without consequence or cost. In this issue of Hospital Pediatrics, Goff et al detail specifi c PIV inser...

We present the Protected-IV construction (PIV) a simple, modular method for building variable-input-length tweakable ciphers. At our level of abstraction, many interesting design opportunities surface. For example, an obvious pathway to building beyond birthday-bound secure tweakable ciphers with performance competitive with existing birthday-bound-limited constructions. As part of our design s...

This article provides data on the static behavior of reinforced concrete at room and low temperature including, strength, ductility, and crack widths of the reinforced concrete. The experimental data on the application of digital image correlation (DIC) or particle image velocimetry (PIV) in measuring crack widths and the accuracy and precision of DIC/PIV method with temperature variations when...

A systematic investigation of the alcoholysis of copper(II) pivalate (piv(-)) solutions has led to a series of Cu(2), Cu(6), and Cu(16) products, depending on the alcohol used as solvent. When Pr(n)OH or Bu(n)OH was employed, the products were the clusters [Cu(16)O(4)(OH)(4)(OR)(8)(piv)(12)(ROH)] (R = Pr(n), Bu(n)) that are almost isostructural. The Cu(16) clusters are antiferromagnetically-cou...

The Aerospace Research Laboratory at the University of Virginia currently uses Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) to measure the velocity fields of flow through a Mach 2 Scramjet Test Section. PIV is the method of tracking seed particles as they are carried through the flow, and using their velocities to create a velocity field. This method is limited by seed particles coating the windows, known ...

This paper is concerned with experimental results of sand avalanches flowing down inclined plexiglass chutes with lateral confinement. Specifically we introduce the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique for granular avalanches. We discuss the differences and problems in comparison with “usual” PIV. After this, we present surface and side velocity measurements that are obtained at different...