The transcriptional enhancer of a chicken U1 small nuclear RNA (snRNA) gene contains a GC-box, an octamer motif, and an SPH motif that are recognized by the transcription factors Sp1, Oct-1, and SBF respectively. Previous work indicated that the octamer and the SPH motifs were both required for U1 gene enhancer activity in frog oocytes when the U1 gene was coinjected with a competing snRNA gene...

Smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH), as a Lagrangian, meshfree method, is supposed to be useful in solving acoustic problems, such as combustion noise, bubble acoustics, etc., and has been gradually used in sound wave computation. However, unphysical oscillations in the sound wave simulation cannot be ignored. In this paper, an artificial viscosity term is added into the standard SPH algorith...

We present a new method to create and preserve the turbulent details generated around moving objects in SPH fluid. In our approach, a high-resolution overlapping grid is bounded to each object and translates with the object. The turbulence formation is modeled by resolving the local flow around objects using a hybrid SPH-FLIP method. Then these vortical details are carried on SPH particles flow...

Fluid shear stress modulates the functional responses of platelets and vascular cells, and plays an important role in the pathogenesis of vascular disorders, including atherosclerosis and restenosis. Since shear stress induces activation of platelets, which abundantly store sphingosine 1-phosphate (Sph-1-P), and upregulates the mRNA expression of S1P(1), the most important Sph-1-P receptor expr...

In this paper we present two enhanced variants of the smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) method for the numerical simulation of free surface flows of viscous fluids. Improvements are achieved by deriving a new set of general discrete SPH-like equations under an energy-based framework and applying a corrected (high-order) or coupled particle approximation scheme for function derivatives. By d...

A new use of smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) in fluid simulation is presented: an algorithm solving the Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition using SPH in order to find the null divergence velocity field for incompressible flow simulation. Accordingly, a new version of the Laplacian for a vector field is proposed here. In order to improve the accuracy of the SPH technique, the paper also presents...