Normally the 7th cervical vertebra (C7) has a long non-bifid spine. A bifid spine is a feature of typical cervical vertebrae such as C3--C6. In contrast to past studies, which have described a bifid spine in the C3--C6 cervical vertebrae, this study is a report on the presence of a duplicated spinous process in the C7 vertebra with an intervening space. The presence of such anomalies may be ass...

Del(22q11) is a common microdeletion syndrome with an extremely variable phenotype. Besides classical manifestations, such as velocardiofacial (Shprintzen) or DiGeorge syndromes, del(22q11) syndrome may be associated with unusual but probably causally related anomalies that expand its phenotype and complicate its recognition. We report here three children with the deletion and a chronic, erosiv...

We report the association of a persistent median artery, a bifid median nerve with a rare very high origin palmar cutaneous branch, presenting bilaterally in the upper limb of a 75-year-old female cadaver. The persistent median nerve with a bifid median nerve has been reported in patients presenting with carpal tunnel syndrome. Reports of this neurovascular anomaly occurring in association with...

Anatomical variations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), such as an extralaryngeal terminal bifurcation (ETB), threaten the safety of thyroid surgery. Besides the morphology of the nerve branches, intraoperative evaluation of their functional anatomy may be useful to preserve motor activity. We exposed 67 RLNs in 36 patients. The main trunk, bifurcation point, and terminal branches of bifi...

Nager acrofacial dysostosis is a rare form of acrofacial dysostosis first described by Nager and de Reynier, 1948. It is characterized by mandibulofacial dysostosis and limb anomalies. Typical craniofacial findings include down-slanting palpebral fissures, malar hypoplasia, micrognathia, abnormalities of the palate including high-arched hard palate, cleft palate or bifid uvula, small, low-set a...

Oral hemangiomas are probably of developmental origin and many of these lesions are present at birth or appear soon after. Often they regress in size and disappear after few years of life. Sometimes they persist and produce symptoms in adulthood. We present two cases of hemangioma involving the uvula, who presented with persistent cough and occasional episodes of bleeding from the oral cavity d...

The objective of this case report is to help clinicians identify bifid mandibular canals on panoramic radiographs and subsequently use the information in the modification of dental treatment planning. A 45-year old man was referred to the service of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology. Routine panoramic radiography, suggested the presence of bilateral bifid mandibular canals (BMC). Mandibular computed...