Let In be the (big) diagonal ideal of (C). Haiman proved that the q, t-Catalan number is the Hilbert series of the graded vector space Mn = ⊕ d1,d2 (Mn)d1,d2 spanned by a minimal set of generators for In. We give simple upper bounds on dim (Mn)d1,d2 in terms of partition numbers, and find all bi-degrees (d1, d2) such that dim (Mn)d1,d2 achieve the upper bounds. For such bi-degrees, we also find...

The initiation and growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are closely linked to chronic inflammation. Not only is cyclin D1 overexpressed, but it is also related to aggressive progression in HCC. However, the mechanism of expression cyclin D1, a cell-cycle regulator of paramount importance, in the tumor microenvironment remains unknown. Here, we investigated the mechanism of cyclin D1 express...

The interactions of multiple myeloma (MM) cells with their microenvironment are crucial for pathogenesis. MM cells could interact differentially with their microenvironment depending on the type of cyclin D they express. We established several clones that constitutively express cyclin D1 from the parental RPMI8226 MM cell line and analyzed the impact of cyclin D1 expression on cell behavior. We...

Cyclin D1 belongs to a family of proteins that regulate progression through the G1-S phase of the cell cycle by binding to cyclin-dependent kinase (cdk)-4 to phosphorylate the retinoblastoma protein and release E2F transcription factors for progression through cell cycle. Several cancers, including breast, colon, and prostate, overexpress the cyclin D1 gene. However, the correlation of cyclin D...

introduction: the hippocampus (hip), the primary brain structure related to learning and memory, receives sparse but comprehensive dopamine innervations and contains dopamine d1/d2-like receptors. it is demonstrated that dopamine receptors in dentate gyrus (dg) region of hip have a remarkable function in spatial reward processing. much less is known about the involvement of hip and its d1/d2 do...

In 1984, a limnic eruption occurred in Lake Monoun, Cameroon, and the CO 2 gas released from lake surface resulted casualties neighboring communities. Subsequent scientific research revealed that was of magmatic origin dissolved water; however, mechanism remains unclear. this study, we analyzed detail lake-bottom bathymetry eastern basin, i.e., one three basins to understand 1984 eruption. We d...

Human AAA(+) protein p97 consists of an N-domain and two tandem ATPase domains D1 and D2, which are connected by the N-D1 and the D1-D2 linkers. Inclusion of the D1-D2 linker, a 22-amino acid peptide, at the end of p97 N-D1 truncate has been shown to activate ATP hydrolysis of its D1-domain, although the mechanism of activation remains unclear. Here, we identify the N-terminal half of this link...

AIMS To assess the immunoexpression of cyclin D1 and retinoblastoma in a cohort of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma cases from South Africa to see whether there is a relation between these two proteins. In addition, protein expression was correlated with clinicopathological features. METHODS Fifty biopsies and 30 oesophagectomy specimens were immunostained with commercially available antib...

The Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) contributes centrally to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been suggested that the transcriptional activation of cyclin D1 by HBx is implicated in the development of HCC. However, numerous studies have shown that overexpression of cyclin D1 alone is not sufficient to drive oncogenic transformation. Herein, we investigated whether HB...

Cyclin D1 is a critical oncogene involved in the regulation of progression through the G1 phase of the cell cycle, thereby contributing to cell proliferation. This is mediated through interaction of cyclin D1 with its catalytic partners, the cyclin-dependent kinases, and the subsequent phosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein. Cyclin D1, in turn, is regulated by mitogenic stimuli. We demon...