A Non-Binary Snow Index for Multi-Component Surfaces (NBSI-MS) is proposed to map snow/ice cover. The NBSI-MS based on the spectral characteristics of different Land Cover Types (LCTs), such as snow, water, vegetation, bare land, impervious, and shadow surfaces. This index can increase separability between values corresponding snow from other LCTs accurately delineate cover in non-binary maps. ...

Snow plays a crucial role in the climate. In particular, snow controls surface temperature and stabilizes energy budget due to its spectral characteristics. However, can be affected by climate change. If cover extent (SCE) diminishes global warming, rate of introducing radiance increases because non-snow areas absorb more solar radiance. Therefore, it is highly important accurately detect snow-...

There is a long-standing quest in landscape ecology for holistic biodiversity metrics accounting multi-taxa diversity heterogeneous habitat mosaics. Passive acoustic monitoring of may provide integrative indices allowing to investigate how soundscapes are shaped by compositional and configurational heterogeneity mosaic landscapes. We tested the effects dominant on across large range landscapes ...

The analyses of online quality measurements four lettuce cultivars (Rex, Tacitus, Black Seeded Simpson, Flandria) using hyperspectral image processing techniques have been studied. Seedlings were planted in Rockwool cubes and fed for 3 weeks hydroponic nutrient solution containing 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300 ppm nitrogen. images the freshly cut leaves captured camera wavelength range 400–1,0...

The economic sustainability of aquifers across the world relies on accurate and rapid estimates groundwater storage changes, but this becomes difficult due to absence in-situ surveys in most areas. By closing water balance, hydrologic remote sensing measures offer a possible method for quantifying changes storage. However, it is uncertain what extent data can provide an assessment these changes...

Despite several decades of observations ice cover in Polish lakes, researchers have not broadly applied satellite images to date. This paper presents a temporal and spatial analysis the variability occurrence on lakes Drawskie Lakeland hydrological years 1984–2022 based data from Landsat missions 4, 5, 7, 8, 9. The range was determined value Normalised Difference Snow Index (NDSI) blue spectral...

Freshwater resources present in the Upper Indus Basin (UIB) supply water to Pakistan’s irrigation. Half of annual discharge UIB is contributed from glacier and snow-fed basins Hindu Kush, Karakoram, Himalaya (HKH) region, it currently under threat climate change. Therefore, very necessary study monitor spatiotemporal changes snow cover area (SCA) its response variables efficiently manage reserv...

سابقه و هدف: جنگل­ های زاگرس به ­عنوان یکی از بوم ­سازگان­ جنگلی مهم ایران پوشش­ گیاهی (درختان، درختچه ­ها گونه­ علفی) متنوعی برخوردار می­ باشد. شناسایی آگاهی دقیق نقش ­شناختی آنها در این ­سازگان تواند حفاظت منابع طبیعی توسعه پایدار کمک شایانی نماید. به‌منظور مطالعه تنوع گونه‌ای گیاهان چوبی ذخیره کربن خاک رابطه با عوامل فیزیوگرافیک (جهت، شیب ارتفاع سطح دریا)، رویشگاه کیکم (var. cinerascens Acer...

The effects of climate change on food security have been unfavorable, particularly in the area Murcia where there is a water shortage. To satisfy crop needs, farmers combine several irrigation sources, such as brackish groundwater, desalinated water, reclaimed and water. Good agricultural practices are essential for preventing soil salinization production losses, remote sensing might be used to...

The inland sabkha of the Arabian Gulf is important to study for occurrence minerals, rocks, soil salinity, and stability due high demand infrastructure agriculture development region. This describes spectral absorptions evaporite discriminates maps salt crusts, gypsiferous flats, studies temporal an Dukhan area, west coast State Qatar. was performed using satellite data Hyperion EO1, ASTER Terr...