Para-phenylene diamine ( PPD ) systemic intoxication in Saudi Arabia has been increased over the last decade. The aim of the this study was to provide more insight into PPD intoxication with reviewing possible underlying mechanisms. The topical treatment with PPD (2mg/kg) for 5 weeks and its subsequent withdrawal caused decreased in monoamines (noerepinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and histamine...

In a previous report, we demonstrated that ginsenoside Rc, one of major ginsenosides from Panax ginseng, enhances γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptorA (GABAA)-mediated ion channel currents. However, little is known about the effects of ginsenoside metabolites on GABAA receptor channel activity. The present study investigated the effects of ginsenoside metabolites on human recombinant GABAA rece...

The core element of the PROFES improvement methodology is the concept of product-process dependency (PPD) models. The purpose of PPD models is to help focus process improvement activities to those development technologies and processes that are most effective with regards to achieving specific customer-defined product quality goals. This paper describes how system dynamics simulation models can...

ing from these five main categories, we found that “mothering is overwhelming” is the core experience of PPD symptoms for low-income women. The demands of parenting small children, along with mothers’ ambivalence, isolation, juggling, and real-life worries, converged to produce an understanding of PPD as feeling overwhelmed by both the material and emotional demands of mothering in the context ...

We examined the effectiveness and efficiency of 2 instructional arrangements using progressive prompt delay (PPD) with 3 young children with autism and 1 child with developmental delays. Specifically, we compared PPD with instructive feedback (IF) to PPD without IF in an adapted alternating treatment design. The results suggested that (a) children with autism and developmental delays can learn ...

The tuberculin skin test (TST) using purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is traditionally used to diagnose latent tuberculosis (TB) infection (LTBI). However, LTBI diagnosis by peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) interferon (IFN)-gamma responses to M. tuberculosis-specific antigens, early secreted antigenic target 6 kDa (ESAT-6) and culture filtrate protein (CFP...

BACKGROUND Cross-reactions and co-sensitizations are of great importance in understanding contact allergy and exposure sources. OBJECTIVES To investigate common cross-reactions and co-sensitizations in p-phenylenediamine (PPD)-sensitized and toluene-2,5-diamine (TDA)-sensitized individuals. METHODS From our patch test population, 8036 patients patch tested with the European baseline series ...

The production of a macrophage migration enhancement factor (MEF) has been achieved as a consequence of administering a desensitizing dose of purified protein derivative (PPD) to Mycobacterium bovis BCG-sensitized rabbits. The migration-enhancing effect was first demonstrated when alveolar macrophages (AM) harvested from desensitized rabbits exhibited marked migration stimulation; whereas maxim...

Because of a rise in postpartum depression (PPD), the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recently indicated a need for more studies of possible risk factors for PPD. PPD can continue for months or years after birth and has consequences for the family as a whole. Past research has not investigated the relationships between abuse, whether physical, sexual, or emotional, and PPD. The aim...