Dose inhomogeneity in treatment planning can be compensated using physical wedges. Enhanced dynamic wedges (EDW) were introduced by Varian to overcome some of the shortcomings of physical wedges. The objectives of this study were to measure EDW output factors for 6 MV and 20 MV photon energies for a Varian 2300CD. Secondly, to review the literature in terms of published enhanced dynamic wedge o...

Background: In radiotherapy, low-energy photon beams are better adapted to the treated volume, and the use of high-energy beams can reduce hot spots in the radiation therapy. Therefore, mixing low and high energies with different ratios can control the rate of hotspots, as well as the dose distribution of the target volume.Material and Methods: The percentage depth doses (PDDs) were calculated ...

In measles virus (MV) infection in humans, meningitis and encephalitis are important complications. However, little is known of the pathogenesis of MV encephalitis, in particular about the role of the immune response. We have examined the role of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) in a mouse model of MV-induced encephalitis. We report here that the resistance of inbred strains of mice to MV-induced ...

The dose measurements of the small field sizes, such as conical collimators used in stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS), are a significant challenge due to many factors including source occlusion, detector size limitation, and lack of lateral electronic equilibrium. One useful tool in dealing with the small field effect is Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. In this study, we report a comparison of Monte ...

A new development of a linear accelerator machine has been installed in Indonesia for the first time. There is no dosimetric protocol specifically discussing measurement absorbed dose to water Halcyon linac. But, few global protocols determine linac which at same substance. This paper describes dosimetry parameter 6 MV flattening filter-free (FFF) photon beam produced from model Varian using IA...