Observations have reported a widespread dimming of surface incident solar radiation (Rs) from the 1950s to the 1980s and a brightening afterwards. However, none of the state-of-the-art earth system models, including those from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5), could successfully reproduce the dimming/brightening rates over China. We find that the decadal variability of ...

Large spread appears in the projection of air-sea CO2 fluxes using the latest simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Here, two methods are applied to narrow this spread in 13 CMIP5 models. One method involves model selection based on the ability of models to reproduce the observed air-sea CO2 fluxes from 1980 to 2005. The other method involves constrained es...

[1] The recent observed positive trends in total Antarctic sea ice extent are at odds with the expectation of melting sea ice in a warming world. More problematic yet, climate models indicate that sea ice should decrease around Antarctica in response to both increasing greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone depletion. The resolution of this puzzle, we suggest, may lie in the large natural var...

To estimate the sea level rise (SLR) originating from changes in surface mass balance (SMB) of the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS), we present 21st century climate projections obtained with the regional climate model MAR (Modèle Atmosphérique Régional), forced by output of three CMIP5 (Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5) general circulation models (GCMs). Our results indicate that in a wa...

In the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), the model-mean increase in global mean surface air temperature T under the 1pctCO2 scenario (atmospheric CO(2) increasing at 1% yr(-1)) during the second doubling of CO(2) is 40% larger than the transient climate response (TCR), i.e. the increase in T during the first doubling. We identify four possible contributory effects. First, t...

Recent studies have hypothesized that Arctic amplification, the enhanced warming of the Arctic region compared to the rest of the globe, will cause changes inmidlatitude weather over the twenty-first century. This study exploits the recently completed phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and examines 27 state-of-the-art climate models to determine if their projected chan...

The distribution of climatic variance across the frequency spectrum has substantial importance for anticipating how climate will evolve in the future. Here power spectra and power laws (b) are estimated from instrumental, proxy, and climate model data to characterize the hydroclimate continuum in western North America (WNA). The significance of the estimates of spectral densities and b are test...

Precipitation over Lake Victoria in East Africa greatly influences its water balance. Over 30 million people rely on Lake Victoria for food, potable water, hydropower and transport. Projecting precipitation changes over the lake is vital in dealing with climate change impacts. The past and future precipitation over the lake were assessed using 42 model runs obtained from 26 General Circulation ...

برخی از گونه ‏های زنبور تریکوگراما، دارای نوعی همزیستی با باکتری Wolbachia هستندکه باعث القاء بکرماده ‏زایی در آنها می‏شود. جمعیت‌هایی این پارازیتوئید تخم آفات که نتاج ماده بیشتری تولید می‌کنند، می‌توانند بالقوه توان بالاتری برخوردار باشند. پس شناسایی یک جمعیت بومی آلوده به ولباکیا Trichogramma brassicae، بررسی‏ هایی منظور ارزیابی توانایی‌های تک‏جنسی (A) قیاس جمعیت‌‏های دوجنسی طبیعی (B) و تغذیه...

Quantifying uncertainty in runoff changes has profound implications for future investigations and will support global climate model improvement. We analyze the from outputs of 5th 6th Coupled Model Intercomparison Projects (CMIP5 CMIP6) decompose projected into three main sources: internal variability, uncertainty, scenario uncertainty. The results indicate that 73% 72% land area, respectively,...