A novel formalism is presented for Earley-like parsers. It accommodates the simulation of non-deterministic pushdown automata. In particular, the theory is applied to non-deterministlc LRoparsers for RTN grammars.

In mouse thalamocortical slices in vitro, the potassium channel blocker 4-AP and GABAA receptor antagonist bicuculline together induced spontaneous prolonged depolarizations in layer VI neurons from postnatal day 2 (P2), in ventroposterior nucleus neurons (VP) from P7, and in reticular nucleus neurons (RTN) from P8. Dual whole-cell recordings revealed that prolonged bursts were synchronized in ...

Central chemoreception is the mechanism by which CO2/pH-sensitive neurons (i.e., chemoreceptors) regulate breathing in response to changes in tissue pH. A region of the brain stem called the retrotrapezoid nucleus (RTN) is thought to be an important site of chemoreception (23), and recent evidence suggests that RTN chemoreception involves two interrelated mechanisms: H+-mediated activation of p...

Central respiratory chemoreception is the mechanism by which the CNS maintains physiologically appropriate pH and PCO2 via control of breathing. A prominent hypothesis holds that neural substrates for this process are distributed widely in the respiratory network, especially because many neurons that make up this network are chemosensitive in vitro. We and others have proposed that TASK channel...

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect on breathing of neuronal dysfunction in the retrotrapezoid (RTN), facial (FN), gigantocellularis reticularis (RGN), or vestibular (VN) nuclei of adult awake goats. Microtubules were chronically implanted to induce neuronal dysfunction by microinjection of an excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptor antagonist or a neurotoxin. The EAA receptor an...

Mulkey DK, Wenker IC, Kréneisz O. Current ideas on central chemoreception by neurons and glial cells in the retrotrapezoid nucleus. J Appl Physiol 108: 1433–1439, 2010. First published January 21, 2010; doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01240.2009.—Central chemoreception is the mechanism by which CO2/pH-sensitive neurons (i.e., chemoreceptors) regulate breathing in response to changes in tissue pH. A re...

Various characterization techniques such as charge pumping (CP) and its variants (MFCP, VTCP), 1/f noise, random telegraph noise (RTN), stress-induced leakage current (SILC) etc. are being used to identify the trap location within the dielectric. However, the most defective regions within the SiO2/HfO2 gate stacks identified by various methodologies are often not unique, leading to different op...

PURPOSE The brain is a highly interconnected neuronal assembly in which network analyses can greatly enlarge our knowledge on seizure generation. The cortico-thalamo-cortical network is the brain-network of interest in absence epilepsy. Here, network synchronization is assessed in a genetic absence model during 5 s long pre-ictal->ictal transition periods. METHOD 16 male WAG/Rij rats were equ...

Time reliability in a Rail Transit Network (RTN) is usually measured according to clock-based trip time, while the travel conditions such as comfort and convenience cannot be reflected by time. Here, crowding level of trains, seat availability, transfer times are considered compute passengers’ Perceived Trip (PTT). Compared with average PTT, extra PTT needed for arriving reliably, which equals ...

Advanced data encryption requires the use of true random number generators (TRNGs) to produce unpredictable sequences bits. TRNG circuits with high degree randomness and low power consumption may be fabricated by using telegraph noise (RTN) current signals produced polarized metal/insulator/metal (MIM) devices as entropy source. However, RTN MIM made traditional insulators, i.e., transition met...