Brassica juncea Nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (BjNPR1) has been introduced into pearl millet male fertility restorer line ICMP451 by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation. Transgenic pearl millet plants were regenerated from the phosphinothricin-resistant calli obtained after co-cultivation with A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring Ti plasmid pSB111-bar-Bj...

Plant oxylipins, produced via the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway, function as signals in defense and development. In fungi, oxylipins are potent regulators of mycotoxin biosynthesis and sporogenesis. Previous studies showed that plant 9-LOX-derived fatty acid hydroperoxides induce conidiation and mycotoxin production. Here, we tested the hypothesis that oxylipins produced by the maize 9-LOX pathway...

We have previously shown that the beneficial filamentous fungus Trichoderma virens secretes the highly effective hydrophobin-like elicitor Sm1 that induces systemic disease resistance in the dicot cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). In this study we tested whether colonization of roots by T. virens can induce systemic protection against a foliar pathogen in the monocot maize (Zea mays), and we further...

Hemibiotrophic plant pathogens first establish a biotrophic interaction with the host plant and later switch to a destructive necrotrophic lifestyle. Studies of biotrophic pathogens have shown that they actively suppress plant defenses after an initial microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered activation. In contrast, studies of the hemibiotrophs suggest that they do not suppress plant def...

Geographical isolation, selection and genetic drift can cause the geographical diversification of populations and lead to speciation. Land snail species in the genus Trochulus show overlaps in geographical ranges as well as in morphology, but genetic data do not always support the species-level taxonomy based on morphological characters. Such a group offers an excellent opportunity to explore t...

Colletotrichum graminicola (teleomorph, Glomerella graminicola) mutant T30 has a disruption in chsA, which is a class V or a class VI chitin synthase (class VI if recognized). The mutant conidia were significantly easier to fracture with glass beads than conidia of the wild type and two T30-derived strains that were complemented with chsA. Similarly, after extraction in alkali, the walls of sig...

Septoria tritici blotch or leaf has been used for long time, but is a correct disease name. Moreover, Lb resistant gene the name, but, not Stb gene. It sexual and asexual parts on mycelia, known as heterothallic fungi. Its pathogenic diversity ranged from 40% to 93% produced wide variety of AvrLb6 haplotypes. M. graminicola plasmogamy karyogamy process. The pathogen can use macropycnidiospores,...