INTRODUCTION The approved dose of tenofovir disproxil fumarate, 300 mg once daily, was established in clinical trials in combination with efavirenz, which does not significantly affect tenofovir concentrations. Combining tenofovir with lopinavir/r, darunavir/r or atazanavir/r increases tenofovir concentrations, which could raise the risk of renal adverse events. Newly approved tenofovir tablets...

Using a patterned hcp @Co ~17 Å!/Re (7Å)]20 antiferromagnetically coupled superlattice, with the c axis in the film plane, magnetoresistance ~MR! measurements were made in the temperature range between 5 K and room temperature. The MR was simulated and decomposed into its anisotropic magnetoresistance ~AMR! and giant magnetoresistance ~GMR! components using the magnetization as a function of an...

We show magnetoresistance in excess of 1000% in trilayers containing highly spin-polarized La0.7Ca0.3MnO3 and high-Tc superconducting YBa2Cu3O7. This large magnetoresistance is reminiscent of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in metallic superlattices but with much larger values, and originates at spin imbalance due to the injection of spin-polarized carriers. Furthermore, in contrast to ordina...

-The Generalised Mapping Regressor (GMR) is an incremental self-organizing neural network with adaptive chains (linking) among neurons. These chains yield supplementary information to the network. GMR is capable to approximate every function or relation (general mapping) and, simultaneously, its inverse function, if it exists, or the inverse relation. It also outputs all the solutions (even inf...

We demonstrate that the spin-Seebeck effect can be used to estimate volume of edge domains formed in a giant magnetoresistive (GMR) device. The thermal gradient induced by Joule heating harnessed addition ferromagnetically insulating channel Fe2O3 on sides GMR pillar. This generates spin wave Fe2O3, which couples with free-layer magnetization and controls reversal ferromagnetic layers one direc...

We demonstrate a surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate by integrating plasmonic-active SiO(2) nanotubes into Si(3)N(4) gratings. First, the dielectric grating that is working under guided mode resonance (GMR) provides enhanced electric field for localized surface plasmon polaritons on the surface of metallic nanoparticles. Second, we use SiO(2) nanotubes with densely assembled silv...

The temperature dependence of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) for currents parallel and perpendicular to the multilayer plane, is discussed by taking account of the random exchange potentials, phonon scatterings and spin fluctuations. The effect of spin fluctuations, which plays an important role at finite temperatures, is included by means of the static functional-integral method developed p...

Anisotropic (AMR) and Giant (GMR) Magnetoresistive sensors are attractive for industrial applications, as they are more sensitive and stable than Hall sensors. Their performance can be improved by AC excitation: flipping for AMR and AC biasing for GMR. AC excitation lowers the hysteresis, reduces the offset and in some cases also decreases sensor noise. The sensitivity to perpendicular fields i...