BACKGROUND Topical anesthetics remain a powerful, new advance for pain relief prior to cutaneous procedures. They are frequently used by dermatologists to decrease the pain associated with laser pulses, surgical procedures, or soft tissue augmentation. EMLA is the most commonly used agent, however, several new topical anesthetic agents have been released recently that claim increased efficacy a...

Methods A 50:50 mixture with NO and oxygen was administered to JIA patients over the age of 5 years scheduled for joint injection. In some cases additional sedative agents (local EMLA, orally midazolam, nasal fentanest) was administered. Every patient completed visual-analogue scores (VAS) (0-10) for pain immediately after the procedure, and after 30 and 60 minutes. The physician valuated sedat...

Background. Local anaesthetics affect blood vessels in various ways, depending upon the site of action and the drug used. There is controversy over the vascular effects of two widely used topical local anaesthetic agents, EMLA and Ametop. We used the transient hyperaemic response (THR) to the brief compression of the brachial artery to assess vascular reactivity of forearm skin after applicatio...

Annual yields per tree for ‘Starkspur Supreme Delicious’ apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees on nine size-controlling rootstock were related linearly to number of fruit per tree at harvest each year, independent of rootstock. Mean fruit weight was inversely and less closely related to number of fruit per tree when adjusted for tree size (fruit load). Annual yield-fruit count data for 9 years a...