diac calcium (Ca) channel plays a crucial role in excitation–contraction coupling in cardiac and other muscles. The cardiac Ca channel comprises four subunits: a1, b, and a2/d. The pore-forming a1 subunit involves the most important functional elements of the L-type Ca channel, including a selectivity filter, a voltage sensor, a motif for Ca-dependent inactivation, and a binding site for dihydr...

Various exchange and correlation functionals have been examined in density-functional calculations for obtaining reliable optimized structures for dicationic binuclear ruthenocenes bridged by an unsaturated compound, which has a characteristic fulvene-type structure. First, we have performed extensive calculations for ruthenocene (RuCp2) in D5h symmetry. It has been found that the Ru-Cp optimiz...

OBJECTIVES To assess lipid profile and lipid peroxidation in type 2 diabetics with proliferative retinopathy (PDR), and investigate the association between these biochemical parameters and PDR. METHODS This study was conducted between June 2011 and February 2012 in the Research Laboratory, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Qasssim, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study incl...

Vegetative growth rate, and size of sporangia, chlamydospores and oospores from 94 P. ramorum isolates were measured and the isolates were paired in vitro with four different heterothallic Phytophthora species isolated from infected nursery plants in Germany. P. ramorum isolates originated from different European countries and from Canada and the USA. 66 of the 67 European isolates were determi...

Hedgehog (Hh) signaling is crucial for the development of many tissues, and altered Hh signal transduction can result in cancer. The Drosophila Costal1 (Cos1) and costal2 (cos2) genes have been implicated in Hh signaling. cos2 encodes a kinesin-related molecule, one component of a cytoplasmic complex of Hh signal transducers. Mutations in Cos1 enhance loss-of-function cos2 mutations, but the mo...

Intracellular microelectrodes were used to examine the actions of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) on morphologically identified myenteric neurons and glial cells of the guinea pig small bowel. PACAP-27 and PACAP-38 evoked excitatory responses in 96% of after hyperpolarizing (AH)/type 2 neurons. The half-maximal concentration for PACAP-27 was 1.5 nM. The responses consiste...

Abstract New three iterative methods in order to solve non-linear problems for PV cell equations with various data of R (load resistance) have been investigated. A series hybrid algorithms Newton’s, Predictor-Corrector Type (A1), (A2) and Dekker’s are implemented obtain approximate solutions functions. The purpose the present paper is analysis on numerical comparison between standard Newton’s a...

Recursive algebraic construction of two infinite families of polynomials in n variables is proposed as a uniform method applicable to every semisimple Lie group of rank n. Its result recognizes Chebyshev polynomials of the first and second kind as the special case of the simple group of type A1. The obtained not Laurent-type polynomials are equivalent to the partial cases of theMacdonald symmet...

Let X be the affine flag manifold of Lie type A1. Its moment graph encodes the torus fixed points (which are elements of the infinite dihedral group D∞) and the torus stable curves in X. Given a fixed point u ∈ D∞ and a degree d = (d0, d1) ∈ Z≥0, the combinatorial curve neighborhood is the set of maximal elements in the moment graph of X which can be reached from u using a chain of curves of to...