Observations by the Viking and Cluster satellites at altitudes up to 35 000 km show that Lower Hybrid Cavities (LHCs) are common in the inner magnetosphere. LHCs are density depletions filled with waves in the lower hybrid frequency range. The LHCs have, until recently, only been found at altitudes up to 2000 km. Statistics of the locations and general shape of the LHCs is performed to obtain a...

OBJECTIVES To estimate the incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the UK over the period 1999-2012. METHODS A retrospective cohort study using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD). The incidence was calculated per 100 000 person-years and the prevalence was calculated per 100 000 people for the period 1999-2012 and stratified by year, age group, gender, re...

OBJECTIVES The availability of cause-specific mortality data for children in South Africa is limited. Hospital-based data have the potential to contribute to understanding of the causation of childhood death in South Africa. The objectives of the study were to gain insights into the causes of death in a South African children's hospital. DESIGN Prospective, descriptive study of death notifica...

Good blood pressure (BP) control is a central outcome of high-quality diabetes care.1 In the landmark UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS), intensive BP control led to an absolute risk reduction of 11.2% in diabetes end points over 10 years, an effect 3.5 times greater than intensive blood glucose control.2 Moreover, although intensive glycemic or cholesterol control has an incremental cost-ef...

We consider a manufacturer, served by a single supplier, who has to quote due dates to arriving customers in a maketo-order production environment. The manufacturer is penalized for long lead times and for missing due dates. To meet due dates, the manufacturer has to obtain components from a supplier. We model this manufacturer and supplier as a two-machine flow shop, consider several variation...

A prototype cross-dispersed optical echelle spectrograph of very high resolution has been designed and built at Steward Observatory and tested at the Starfire Optical Range (SOR) 1.5 m telescope. It is the first spectrograph to take advantage of diffractionlimited images provided by adaptive optics in order to achieve a potential resolving power of R ∼ 600, 000. The wavelength coverage in a sin...

A [2]rotaxane, in which the peptidic axle is protected from degradation by the macrocyclic sheath and terminated with a novel glycosidase-cleavable stopper, is rendered water-soluble by derivatisation with tetra(ethylene glycol) (TetEG) or glucosylated tetra(ethylene glycol) (Glc-TetEG) chains using the CuAAC 'click' reaction. The Glc-TetEG-derivatised rotaxane propeptide is >50 000 times more ...

In the April-June 2014 edition of the Journal of the Society of Laparoendoscopic Surgeons, Davis et al1 published a comparison of clinical and economic outcomes for colectomies between standard laparoscopic and robot-assisted procedures. This study included 25 000 segmental colectomies, of which about 2% were carried out robotically. Robotic procedures showed a significantly higher economic bur...

In the western world, one-fifth of all deaths occur suddenly and unexpectedly,1 ventricular fibrillation being a frequent mechanism. It happens approximately 300 000 times per year both in the United States and in Europe.2 This problem continues to haunt us, for we know that restoring normal heart rhythm by a defibrillation shock not only saves the life of the victim, but is often followed by m...

We present a new speedup technique for route planning that exploits the hierarchy inherent in real world road networks. Our algorithm preprocesses the eight digit number of nodes needed for maps of the USA or Western Europe in a few hours using linear space. Shortest (i.e. fastest) path queries then take around eight milliseconds to produce exact shortest paths. This is about 2 000 times faster...