This paper introduces a model of human communication in which ‘accounting-for’ is the basis of meaning, and argues that interruptions should be handled in the same way as any other speech act. The model has at its core the idea that human languages are inherently intentional – we focus on our conversational partner’s goals – and that what is needed is mixed initiative at the level of intent. It...

talk a lot – but we also do so in very different ways. It would appear that the structure of a language is defined by its cultural ancestry and not by the way the brain processes language. A group of researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics in Nijmegen in the Netherlands has analyzed the order of sentence parts in more than 300 languages from four major language families. T...

We report the detection of rapid wavelength and intensity variations of narrow components in absorption line profiles of the hot galactic supergiant P Cygni. During most of the time, in one week of observations, there were two such components present. Although the period of observation is too short for firm conclusions, the velocity curves do not contradict the photometic period of 17.3 d. Thes...

We formally study iterated block ciphers that alternate between two sequences of independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) rounds. It is demonstrated that, in some cases the effect of alternating increases security, while in other cases the effect may strictly decrease security relative to the corresponding product of one of its component sequences. As this would appear to contradict con...

Assuming a set of tone-meaning mappings for English intonational phonology such as Pierrehumbert and Hirschberg (1990), certain data contain tones that would be otherwise unexpected. That is to say, we find surface representations that seem to contradict the assumption that the choice of tone target in English intonation is meaningful. Given such data, one might assume that a theory of tone-mea...

Catalysis of the acylation aniline with 3-­hydroxy-2-naphthoic, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthoic and 1-hydroxy-4-naphthoic acids by phosphorus P(III) silicon Si(IV) compounds leads to formation anilides corresponding hydroxy­naphthoic under mild conditions (ortho-xylene, 146.5–147 °C) in almost quantitative yield.
 Among trichloride tribromide; phosphorous, 1-hydroxyethyli­de­n...

We analyze the multitude of conflicts interest to which all actors in development chain are subject. Our aim is reflect on how findings research and evaluations conducted interventions kinds can be biased as a result. This analysis rests an inclusive definition conflict interest, exists whenever actor’s public stance constrained by interests that put pressure him or her either express statement...