The arterial to end-tidal PCO2 difference (PaCO2-PE'CO2) was measured in five anaesthetized dogs during controlled ventilation at 0.25 Hz (15 b.p.m.) and during high frequency jet ventilation at 1, 3 and 5 Hz. Because of the slow response of the infra-red carbon dioxide analyser, satisfactory recordings of end-tidal carbon dioxide could not be obtained at frequencies greater than 1 Hz. The inte...

Introduction: Researchers have long been interested in the effects of low intensity (less than 500 microtesla) and Extremely Low Frequency Magnetic Fields (ELF-MF, less than 300 Hz) on human’s brain activity. In this study, our purpose was to analyze the effect of local magnetic field pulses around brain regions Cz, C3, C4 on human electroencephalogram (EEG) and induction of resonance effect...

Current theories propose that coherence of oscillatory brain activity in the gamma band (30-80 Hz) constitutes an avenue for communication among remote neural populations. However, reports documenting stimulus dependency and time variability of gamma frequency suggest that distant neuronal populations may, at any one time, operate at different frequencies precluding synchronization. To test thi...

The effects of the cholinergic and adrenergic nerve stimulations on amylase release from the segment isolated from the rat parotid gland were investigated, employing the combined techniques of electrical field stimulation (FS) and tyramine application with automated fluorescence method for measuring amylase. The maximum amylase release in response to FS for a short period (1 min) was attained a...

This study aims to assess the vigilance task-related change in connectivity in healthy adults using wavelet phase coherence (WPCO) analysis of near-infrared spectroscopy signals (NIRS). NIRS is a non-invasive neuroimaging technique for assessing brain activity. Continuous recordings of the NIRS signals were obtained from the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and sensorimotor cortical areas of 20 young he...

PURPOSE To reveal the physiological mechanism of the decline in cognitive function after sleep deprivation, a within-subject study was performed to assess sleep deprivation effects on phase synchronization, as revealed by wavelet phase coherence (WPCO) analysis of prefrontal tissue oxyhemoglobin signals. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty subjects (10 male and 10 female, 25.5 ± 3.5 years old) were ...

Our previous studies suggested that the MBF in contralateral Hegu acupoint (IL4) increased after ipsilateral Hegu acupoint was stimulated with manual acupuncture. In this study, twenty-eight (28) healthy volunteers were recruited and were randomly divided into Hegu acupoint stimulation group and Non-Hegu stimulation group. All subjects received the same model stimulation of the laser needle for...

Bursts of 2.5mm horizontal sinusoidal anterior-posterior oscillations of sequentially varying frequencies (0.25 to 1.25 Hz) are applied to the base of support to study postural control. The Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) algorithm decomposes the Center of Pressure (CoP) data (5 young, 4 mature adults) into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs). Hilbert transforms are applied to produce each IMF's...

An objective melody task was used to determine the lower limit of melodic pitch (LLMP) for harmonic complex tones. The LLMP was defined operationally as the repetition rate below which listeners could no longer recognize that one of the notes in a four-note, chromatic melody had changed by a semitone. In the first experiment, the stimuli were broadband tones with all their components in cosine ...

The utricle of the red-eared turtle was subjected to forced sinusoidal oscillations across various frequencies (10-125 Hz) and amplitudes (5-9 μm) to determine dynamic characteristics of the utricle under natural inertial stimulation. The utricle was maintained in physiologic solution during the entire experiment. Utricular specimens were prepared so that the Otoconial Layer (OL) crystals were ...