Background: Smoking within students community of the medical sciences can negatively impact the attitudes of the society in future. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence and trends of smoking among students of Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Method: This study was conducted in four consecutive years from 2006 to 2009. The study sample was taken from the first- to fo...

Contortylenchus barberus is synonymized with C. brevicomi because their original separation was based on minor morphometric variations that are considered here to be intraspecific rather than interspeciflc. The ranges of body length and body width in measured specimens of C. brevicomi encompass those of the original description of C. brevicomi and C. barberus. The presence or absence of the cau...

We consider well-posedness of the aggregation equation ∂tu+ div(uv) = 0, v = −∇K ∗ u with initial data in P2(R)∩L(R), in dimensions two and higher. We consider radially symmetric kernels where the singularity at the origin is of order |x|, α > 2−d, and prove local well-posedness in P2(R)∩L(R) for sufficiently large p > ps. In the special case of K(x) = |x|, the exponent ps = d/(d− 1) is sharp f...

The current tax system is counterproductive and biased against saving and investment. The tax system imposes large losses on the economy that reduce the economic welfare of households and businesses. The current level of taxation imposes additional costs of about 40 cents at the margin for each dollar collected in revenue. A reduction in the burden imposed by the tax system would make a signifi...

Hiroshi Sakaki Meisei University 2-590 Nagabuchi Ohme-shi Tokyo 198-8655 Japan [email protected] Summary This paper aims to construct concentrated modification structure from logical formula. First the matrix expression is extracted from the logical formula. Then, the matrix is transformed into geometrical structure called dependency structure equivalent to the former. Finally modificati...

We compare different procedures for combining fixed-order tree-level matrixelement generators with parton showers. We use the case of W-production at the Tevatron and the LHC to compare different implementations of the so-called CKKW and MLM schemes using different matrix-element generators and different parton cascades. We find that although similar results are obtained in all cases, there are...

We present here a study of event generators for the hadronic production of Wγ . We compare a NLO Wγ matrix element generator with the leading order calculation in Pythia . A matching scheme between a next-to-leading order Wγ matrix element generator by Baur et. al. and the Pythia parton shower is presented. The NLO package produces Wγ +0 jet and Wγ +1jet final states in the hard scattering and ...

Nature has evolved efficient strategies to synthesize complex mineralized structures that exhibit exceptional damage tolerance. One such example is found in the hypermineralized hammer-like dactyl clubs of the stomatopods, a group of highly aggressive marine crustaceans. The dactyl clubs from one species, Odontodactylus scyllarus, exhibit an impressive set of characteristics adapted for survivi...

Based on specimens collected from bats of different families, we add new species and extend the known ecological distribution and host associations of insect ectoparasites of bats in Peru. New information is provided for the distribution of 26 species of parasites (25 Diptera and 1 Siphonaptera: Ischnopsyllidae). Four species (Neotrichobius ectophyllae, Strebla galindoi, Strebla paramirabilis a...