Incretins improve glucose metabolism through multiple mechanisms. It remains unclear whether direct hepatic effects are an important part of exenatide's (Ex-4) acute action. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of intraportal delivery of Ex-4 on hepatic glucose production and uptake. Fasted conscious dogs were studied during a hyperglycemic clamp in which glucose w...

Sho-hange-ka-bukuryo-to and Nichin-to, traditional Chinese herbal (Kampo) medicines have been used to treat vomiting and nausea. Traditional herbal medicines have frequently been used in the empirical treatment. Some patients who take these medicines have no organic disease but have conditions classified as non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD). To determine the pharmacological effects of Sho-hange-ka-buku...

Fungi are ubiquitous microorganisms often associated with spoilage and biodeterioration of a large variety of foods and feedstuffs. Their growth may be influenced by temporary changes in intrinsic or environmental factors such as temperature, water activity, pH, preservatives, atmosphere composition, all of which may represent potential sources of stress. Molecular-based analyses of their physi...

To test the effects of acute fetal hyperinsulinemia on the pattern and time course of insulin signaling in ovine fetal skeletal muscle, we measured selected signal transduction proteins in the mitogenic, protein synthetic, and metabolic pathways in the skeletal muscle of normally growing fetal sheep in utero. In experiment 1, 4-h hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps were conducted in anesthetized...

OBJECTIVE Given the interest in glucagon antagonism as a potential treatment of diabetes, we tested the hypothesis that glucagon, in concert with insulin, supports the postabsorptive plasma glucose concentration in humans. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Following preliminary studies that indicated that a peripheral intravenous insulin dose of 0.1 mU x kg(-1) x min(-1) (lower than those used prev...

BACKGROUND Prospective access flow measurement is the preferred method for vascular access surveillance in hemodialysis (HD) patients. We studied the effect of intradialytic change in blood pressure and ultrafiltration volume on the variation in access flow measured by ultrasound dilution. METHODS Access flow was measured 30 minutes, 120 minutes, and 240 minutes after the start of HD by ultra...

Biophysical factors have been implicated in the development of pulmonary ischemia-reperfusion injury. In isolated rabbit lungs, the impact of vascular and alveolar distension, with and without alveolar oxygen supply, was investigated. With interruption of both perfusion (zero intravascular pressure) and ventilation, reperfusion after 120 min of warm ischemia resulted in transient pulmonary hype...

In isolated rat extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle mounted for isometric contractions, chronic low-frequency electrical stimulation was found to lead to an increased uptake of45Ca (154% above control after 240 min) and a progressive accumulation of Ca2+ (85% above control after 240 min). In soleus, however, this treatment led to a small, but significant, increase in 45Ca uptake (30% above c...

Hypertensive crises require immediate therapy, usually by parenteral drug administration. Sublingual nifedipine has been shown to be highly effective. However, the blood pressure fall following nifedipine is frequently associated with side-effects. The use of sublingual captopril has recently been indicated in hypertensive crisis, assuming that by this route, there would be a faster absorption ...