BACKGROUND Conflicts of interest pose a threat to the integrity of scientific research. The current regulations of the U.S. Public Health Service and the National Science Foundation require that medical schools and other research institutions report the existence of conflicts of interest to the funding agency but allow the institutions to manage conflicts internally. The regulations do not spec...

The Rockefeller University Press $30.00 J. Cell Biol. Vol. 185 No. 2 235–249 www.jcb.org/cgi/doi/10.1083/jcb.200811138 JCB 235 Correspondence to Claudio Sette: [email protected]; or Stéphane Richard: [email protected] Maria Paola Paronetto’s present address is Centre de Regulaciò Genomica, Barcelona 08003, Spain. Abbreviations used in this paper: ANOVA, analysis of variance; dp...

Over the past two centuries human life expectancy has increased by nearly 50 years. Genetic factors account for about one-third of the variation in life expectancy so that most of the interindividual variation in lifespan is explained by stochastic and environmental factors, including diet. In some model organisms, dietary (energy) restriction is a potent, and highly reproducible, means of incr...

Real inner product. Let V be a vector space over R. A (real) inner product is a function 〈−,−〉 : V × V → R such that • 〈x, y〉 = 〈y, x〉 for all x, y ∈ V, • 〈c1x1 + c2x2, y〉 = c1〈x1, y〉+ c2〈x2, y〉 for all x1, x2, y ∈ V, c1, c2 ∈ R, • 〈x, x〉 ≥ 0 with 〈x, x〉 = 0 iff x = 0. That is, the pairing is symmetric, linear in the first variable (and therefore bilinear, by symmetry), and positive definite. E...

The mechanisms of adverse drug reactions in children have been often related to the differences in patient response on pharmacokinetic level. Age-dependent variability in drug metabolizing enzyme systems (DMES) contributes to the wide range of drug responses observed in children. This review provides background information on a variety of DMES in biotransformation phase I and phase II that can ...

1Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto; 2Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Correspondence and reprints: Dr BA Saville, Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E5. Telephone 416-978-7745, fax 416-978-8605, e-mail [email protected] CC N...