Two new lignans (R,Z)-3-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-2-(3, 4-dimethoxybenzylidene)-gamma-butyrolactone (1) and (2R, 3S)-2-acetoxy-2,3-bis(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-gamma-butyrolactone (2), and four new polyacetylenes, (2Z,8E,10E)-heptadeca-2,8,10-triene-4, 6-diyn-1-ol (3), (2E,9Z)-octadeca-2,9-diene-4,6-diyne-1,18-diol (4), (2E,9Z)-18-hydroxy-octadeca-2,9-diene-4,6-diyn-1-yl acetate (5), and (2E,9Z)-1-hydr...

The location of the H+-translocating reactions within energy-conserving Site 2 of the mitochondrial electron transport chain was evaluated from two sets of data. In the first, the H+/2e- ejection ratios and Ca2+/2e- uptake ratios were compared for electron flow from succinate dehydrogenase, whose active site is on the matrix side of the inner membrane and from glycerol phosphate dehydrogenase, ...

This article concerns the “One-commodity Pickup-and-Delivery Traveling Salesman Problem” (1-PDTSP), in which a single vehicle of fixed capacity must either pick up or deliver known amounts of a single commodity to a given list of customers. It is assumed that the product collected from the pickup customers can be supplied to the delivery customers, and that the initial load of the vehicle leavi...

In [1] we introduced a new state-space relaxation, called ng-path relaxation, to compute lower bounds to routing problems, such as the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) and the VRP with Time Windows (VRPTW). This relaxation consists of partitioning the set of all possible paths ending at a generic vertex according to a mapping function that associates with each path a subset of the vis...

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been widely used in many industries. In the medical environment, especially in some emergency situations, UAVs play an important role such as the supply of medicines and blood with speed and efficiency. In this paper, we study the problem of multi-objective blood supply by UAVs in such emergency situations. This is a complex problem that includes maintenance of...

We investigate a structural decomposition for the capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) based on vehicle-to-customer “assignment” and visits “sequencing” decision variables. We show that an heuristic search focused on assignment decisions with a systematic optimal choice of sequences (using Concorde TSP solver) during each move evaluation is promising but requires a prohibitive computation...

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and laser-excited dispersed fluorescence (LEDF) spectra of the cycloheptatrienyl (tropyl) radical C7H7 have been observed under supersonic jet-cooling conditions. Assignment of the LIF excitation spectrum yields detailed information about the A-state vibronic structure. The LEDF emission was collected by pumping different vibronic bands of the A 2E"3<--X 2E"2 el...

In the title mol-ecule, C(15)H(12)O(3), the three five-membered rings are nearly coplanar: the dihedral angles between the cyclopentanone ring and the furan rings are 3.5 (2) and 9.7 (2)°, and the two furan rings form a dihedral angle of 7.2 (2)°. In the crystal structure, weak inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds help to consolidate the crystal packing.