In the structure of the title salt, 2C(3)H(5)N(2) (+)·C(6)H(8)O(8) (2-)·2H(2)O, the galacta-rate dianions have crystallographic inversion symmetry and together with the water mol-ecules of solvation form hydrogen-bonded sheet substructures which extend along (110). The imidazolium cations link these sheets peripherally down c through carboxyl-ate O-H-N and N'-H⋯O(hy-droxy) bridges, giving a thr...

The asymmetric unit of the title organic salt, 2C(3)H(5)N(2) (+)·C(10)H(6)O(6)S(2) (2-), consists of an imidazolium cation and half a naphthalene-1,5-disulfonate dianion, completed to the full dianion through an inversion center. N-H⋯S and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link cations and anions in the crystal, forming a chain propagating along [101].

-Putrefactive hydrogen sulfide production in the upper 4 cm of sediment in two small freshwater and eutrophic Southeast Michigan, U.S.A., lakes ranged from 0.13 to 1.51 with an average of 0.46 mg S l-~ day-~. Sulfate reductive production of hydrogen sulfide at the same sites ranged from 0.7 to 3.2 with an average of 1.54 mg S 1~ dayt. Putrefactive hydrogen sulfide production represented 5.1-53°...

In the title compound, C(13)H(15)N(2) (+)·PF(6) (-), the dihedral angle between the two aromatic rings is 85.48 (7)°. In the crystal, C-H⋯F hydrogen bonds connect the imidazolium and hexa-fluoro-phosphate ions.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, (C(23)H(33)N(2))[Li(C(32)H(16)N(8))]·0.5C(3)H(6)O·H(2)O, consists of two symmetry-unrelated lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc(-)) half-anions, centered at (1,0,0) and (0,,0), respectively, the bis-(adamant-yl)imidazolium cation (BAI(+)), occupying a general site, an acetone mol-ecule, disordered about the inversion centre at (0, , ) and a water mol-ecule at...

The decomposition of sulfopropyl sulfonate ~SPS, 4,5-dithiaoctane-1,8-disulfonic acid! in acid copper electroplating chemistries was studied using scanning electrochemical microscopy ~SECM!, UV-visible spectroscopy, high pressure liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, and electron spin resonance. The primary decomposition product is proposed to be the thiolsulfonate of ...

The elimination of a hydrogen bond in imidazolium based ionic liquids which results in an increased melting point is investigated by means of static quantum chemical and molecular dynamics simulations.

Imidazolium-based chloride ionic liquids (ILs) have exhibited remarkable performance in several important applications such as biomass dissolution and extraction, but their large viscosity is a non-negligible problem. Adding molecular co-solvents into chloride ILs is effective in reducing viscosity; nevertheless, understanding of the accompanied change of thermodynamic polarity is quite few. Th...

The interaction of the azo dye (2,3'-dimethyldiphenyl-7-azo-8-amino-1-napthol 3,6-disulfonic acid (TBR) and sodium dodecyl sulfate with the bovine myelin basic protein has been studied using absorbance, circular dichroism and 220 MHz PMR spectroscopy. Additional analyses of the binding reaction were carried out using light scattering, ultracentrifugal and electrophoretic techniques. A procedure...