Advances in 3D graphics technology have accelerated the construction of dynamic 3D environments. Despite their promise for scientific and educational applications, much of this potential has gone unrealized because runtime camera control software lacks user-sensitivity. Current environments rely on sequences of viewpoints that directly require the user’s control or are based primarily on action...

Indoor evacuation model can provide scientific guidance for security solution design and emergency plan making in indoor environment, and virtual 3D scene can make the evacuation simulation more intuitive. An integration method of multi-grid evacuation model in 3D virtual indoor environment is proposed here. It maps 3D scene to 2D plane and establishes the grid table first, and then for each gr...

Background Although the effect of 3-dimensional (3D) planning for total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) on component positioning and patient outcomes has been increasingly studied, 3D surgeon decision making not well studied. Methods A retrospective review was performed a database containing TSA cases which glenoid planned with commercially available computed tomography software program (Virtual Im...

Gamma index pass rates were evaluated for an anthropomorphic phantom using both 2D and 3D calculations. The phantom was irradiated with the traditional dosimetry insert loaded with radiochromic film and TLD, and then with a 3D dosimetry insert. A comparison with the calculated dose distribution showed that both the PRESAGE® dosimeter and the film and TLD system agreed with the plan to within 5%...

In this paper it is aimed to present a 3D mobile mapping and interactive human navigation system which consists of three components. The first component is used to extract the geometrical and 3D topological vector data automatically from architectural raster floor plan images. The second component is used for network analysis and simulations. It generates and presents the optimum path in a 3D m...

Theoretical Evidence for Low-Spin Ground States of Early Interstitial and Late Substitutional 3d Transition-Metal Ions in Silicon F. Beeler, ' O. K. Andersen, ' and M. Scheffler ' t'~Max Plan-ck Inst-itut fiir Festkorperforschung, D 70-00 Stuttgart, Federal Republic of Germany t2~Physikalisch Tech-nischeBundesanstalt, D 3300B-raunschweig, FederalRepublic of Germany (Received 20 May 1985) Ground...

This paper presents an indoor propagation model that uses image-based ray-tracing with a quasi-3D approach. A fast 2D algorithm finds the most relevant rays lying in the horizontal plan of the indoor environment. Then, every path is converted into five rays that lie in the vertical plane. As a consequence, the thirddimension effect is considered in the field computation. Comparisons were made w...

The evacuation of complex buildings is a challenge under any circumstances. Fire drills are a way of training and validating evacuation plans. However, sometimes these plans are not taken seriously by their participants. It is also difficult to have the financial and time resources required. In this scenario, serious games can be used as a tool for training, planning and evaluating emergency pl...

and Implications A small demonstration sow herd has been housed during breeding and gestation in a deep-bedded hoop structure. Conception rates, number of pigs born alive, and birth weights were excellent. These results indicate that hoops provide a realistic alternative for housing gestating sows. A discussion of the decision considerations related to animal environment, sow behavior, bedding ...