BACKGROUND Circumferential pulmonary vein (PV) isolation for atrial fibrillation (AF) is occasionally difficult to achieve because electrical breakthrough sites (EBSs) between the left atrium (LA) and PVs cannot be identified during ablation especially in the carina regions. METHODS The left PVs (Lt.PVs) of 60 AF patients and the right PVs (Rt.PVs) of 37 patients undergoing PV isolation were ...

In this paper, we present a modeling and implementation of new control schemes for an isolated photovoltaic (PV) using a fuzzy logic controller (FLC). The PV system is connected to a load through a DC-DC boost converter. The FLC controller provides the appropriate duty cycle (D) to the DC-DC converter for the PV system to generate maximum power. Using FLC controller block in MATLABTM/Simulink e...

Researchers argue that partner violence (PV) is a multidimensional and heterogeneous phenomenon that needs to be measured in multiple ways to capture its range, extent, severity, and potential consequences. Several large scale, population-based studies show that about 40%-50% of PV victims in a one-year time period are men; this finding is consistent whether the study focuses on physical PV or ...

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS Demonstrate the endoscopic anatomy of the palatovaginal (PV) canal and artery for identification and dissection of the vidian nerve during endoscopic transpterygoid approaches. Evaluate the length of the PV canal and its relation with the vidian nerve. Show that the traditionally known PV canal is a misnomer and should be renamed. STUDY DESIGN Experimental study: anatomi...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to measure the extent of left atrial-pulmonary vein (LA-PV) connections and determine the relation to PV firing in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS AND RESULTS Ten close-bipolar (1 mm-spacing) Lasso electrograms were recorded circumferentially around 210 PVs (excluding 2 right middle PVs and 4 left common trunks) in 62 patients with AF. ...

The gammaproteobacterium Xanthomonas citri pv. citri causes Asiatic citrus canker. Pathotype A strains have a broad host range, which includes most commercial citrus species, and they cause important economic losses worldwide. Control often relies on frequent copper sprays. We present here the complete genomes of six X. citri pv. citri copper-resistant strains.

OBJECTIVE Poliovirus (PV) enters the host by the oral route and can infect the central nervous system (CNS) by two mechanisms: crossing the blood-brain barrier and traveling along the nerves from the muscle to the spinal cord. In the latter mechanism, the PV receptor, CD155, and the motor protein, dynein, have been implicated in the transport of PV to the CNS. In this work we analyzed the possi...

Cholescystokinin (CCK)- or parvalbumin (PV)-containing interneurons are the major perisomatic-targeting interneurons in the cerebral cortex, including hippocampus, and are thought to form mutually exclusive networks. We used several techniques to test the alternative hypothesis that CCK and PV cells are coupled by chemical synapses. Triple immunofluorescence confocal microscopy revealed numerou...

INTRODUCTION Venous-to-arterial carbon dioxide difference (Pv-aCO2) may reflect the adequacy of blood flow during shock states. We sought to test whether the development of Pv-aCO2 during the very early phases of resuscitation is related to multi-organ dysfunction and outcomes in a population of septic shock patients resuscitated targeting the usual oxygen-derived and hemodynamic parameters. ...

AIMS Obtaining optimal pulmonary vein (PV) occlusion with the endoscopic laser balloon ablation system (EAS) can be difficult, hypothetically influenced by PV geometry. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of PV orientation on atrial fibrillation (AF)-free survival after PV isolation (PVI) using the EAS. METHODS AND RESULTS Forty-three patients undergoing a single EAS PVI were in...