Eight production quality PbWO4 crystals of CMS have been irradiated in a 20 GeV/c proton beam up to fluences of 5.4×1013 cm. The damage recovery in these crystals has been followed for over a year. Comparative irradiations with Co photons have been performed on seven other crystals using a dose rate of 1 kGy/h. In proton irradiated crystals the light transmission band-edge shifts and the induce...

We report on a study of the correlation between radiation damage of bismuth germanate (BGO) scmtillator crystals and trace impunties in the crystal . The light yield and the absorption spectra of doped BGO crystals were measured, both before and after irradiation . While trace concentrations of Cr, Mn, Fe and Pb m BGO were found to lead to substantial radiation damage, traces of Al, Ca, Cu and ...

In many materials processing and manufacturing situations such as steel, aluminum, ceramics, and glass, gas bubbles can form in liquid and solid phases. The presence of such bubbles affects the thermophysical properties and radiation characteristics of the two-phase system and hence the transport phenomena. This paper presents a general formulation of the radiation characteristics of semitransp...

In microwave induced thermo-acoustic tomography (MITAT) system, radiation of an antenna is a near field problem which gives rise to a non-uniform distribution of microwave radiation power in detection area. Due to this non-uniform distribution, the contrast of MITAT image which is proportional to the absorbed microwave energy will not reflect the real characteristics (dielectric properties) of ...

We report on theoretical investigation of graphene based Field Effect Transistor (FET) structures for resonant absorption of terahertz (THz) radiation by the plasmons excited in the high sheet concentration and high carrier mobility active layers. Metallic grating gates with varying periods were used to couple the THz radiation into the plasmons in the active region of the devices. Such grating...

Internal radiation was investigated using the finite volume method for the heat exchanger method (HEM) growth of oxide crystals. Special attention was devoted to the temperature and thermal stress distributions in the bottom region of the grown crystal at the end of the solidification process. The numerical results show that internal radiation strongly strengthens heat transport through the cry...

Gold nanoparticles, because of their high radiation absorption coefficient and efficient generation of secondary photoelectrons, have been predicted to enhance therapeutic efficacy in radiation therapy. However, high dose for effective treatment limits their use. We have synthesized multifunctional gold nanoclusters (GNCs) that can be used for imaging and radiation therapy. The designed GNCs ha...