AIM To quantify the risk of gastric cancer in first-degree relatives of patients with the cancer. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed. Case-control trials comparing the frequency of a positive family history of gastric cancer in patients with gastric cancer, vs non-gastric cancer controls were retrieved. Studies with missed or non-extractable data, studies in children, abs...

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Coronaviruses are a large family of viruses that have endangered the lives of many people with several outbreaks throughout history. The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) recently caused a pandemic [1]. It began in China from December 2019, and by now it has affected 201 countries, more than 37,423,660 people worldwide, and claimed the lives of more than 1,074,817 people [2].

Advances in genetic technology and biological understanding in the last 100 years have opened a new era of discovery and investigation. In the centennial year of the journal GENETICS, we quantify the remarkable shifts in genetic research through textual analysis of publications. We characterize changes in the focus of genetic research by studying all available abstracts and titles of papers pub...

The history of software and system development shows that abstraction plays a major role 8 in making complexity manageable (Bosch 2000). Thus, abstracting the common and variable 9 artefacts of an undefined collection of products and organising them into a model may be a 10 good option to manage the complexity of a product line. Product line models improve 11 decision-making processes. In addit...

Historical reference' is the ability to refer to information in prior states of a program's computation history. We use program transformation to achieve reasonably efficient implementations of specifications making use of historical reference. These implementations remember sufficient information as they execute, and use conventional queries of this remembered information in place of the histo...

BACKGROUND History learning requires that students understand historical phenomena, abstract concepts and the relations between them. Students have problems grasping, using and relating complex historical developments and structures. AIMS A study was conducted to determine the effects of tasks with abstract and/or concrete visualizations on the learning of historical developments and structur...