vibration generated by vehicles during road transport has an important effect on the agricultural products damage process, particularly vegetable and fruit. modulus of elasticity is one of the most important mechanical properties of fruits and its variation can be described as one of the damage criteria during transportation. this research was conducted to evaluate the effects of vibration para...

We investigate the acceleration of particles via the second-order Fermi process in the lobes of giant radio galaxies. Such sites are candidates for the accelerators of ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We focus on the nearby FR I radio galaxy Centaurus A. This is motivated by the coincidence of its position with the arrival direction of several of the highest energy Auger events. The conditions ne...

An online method for obtaining smooth, jerk-bounded trajectories has been developed and implemented. Jerk limitation is important in industrial robot applications, since it results in improved path tracking and reduced wear on the robot. The method described herein uses a concatenation of fifth-order polynomials to provide a smooth trajectory between two way points. The trajectory approximates ...

This paper presents a new analysis of the physics of closed head injury caused by intense acceleration of the head. At rest a 1 cm gap filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) separates the human brain from the skull. During impact whole head acceleration induces artificial gravity within the skull. Because its density differs slightly from that of CSF, the brain accelerates, strikes the inner asp...

Hardware acceleration using FPGAs has shown orders of magnitude reduction in runtime of computationally-intensive applications in comparison to traditional stand-alone computers [1]. This is possible because on an FPGA many computations can be performed at the same time in a trulyparallel fashion. However, parallel computation at a hardware level requires a great deal of expertise, which limits...

We present infrared imaging of a sample of 11 hot spots in the lobes of powerful radio galaxies. We have detected infrared counterparts to the hot spots in 3C 20West, 3C 33 South, 3C 111East and 3C 303West all of which have known optical counterparts as well. In addition, we detected the radio jet of 3C 303 in the near infrared. Four other hot spots, those in 3C 20East, 3C 65 (both sides), and ...

Kinematically redundant manipulators admit an infinite number of inverse kinematic solutions and hence the optimization of different performance measures corresponding to various task requirements must be considered. Joint accelerations of these mechanisms are usually computed by optimizing various criteria defined using the two-norm of acceleration vectors in the joint space. However, in formu...

A novel approach for estimating the instantaneous velocity of the pelvis during walking was developed based on Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs). The instantaneous velocity was modeled by the sum of a cyclical component, decomposed in the Medio-Lateral (ML), VerTical (VT) and Antero-Posterior (AP) directions, and the Average Progression Velocity (APV) over each gait cycle. The proposed method r...

Previous work has shown that wing wear increases mortality in bumblebees. Although a proximate mechanism for this phenomenon has remained elusive, a leading hypothesis is that wing wear increases predation risk by reducing flight manoeuvrability. We tested the effects of simulated wing wear on flight manoeuvrability in Bombus impatiens bumblebees using a dynamic obstacle course designed to push...

Conventional tool paths for computer numericalcontrolled (CNC) machine tools or NC positioning systems are mainly composed of linear motion segments, or the socalled G1 commands. This approach exhibits serious limitations in terms of achieving the desired part of geometry and productivity in high-speed machining. Velocity and acceleration discontinuities occur at the junction points of consecut...