In this survey we review, classify and compare existing approaches for real-time crowd rendering. We first overview character animation techniques, as they are highly tied to crowd rendering performance, and then we analyze the state of the art in crowd rendering. We discuss different representations for level-of-detail (LoD) rendering of animated characters, including polygon-based, point-base...

This paper addresses the solution of a two-stage stochastic programming model for a supply chain investment planning problem applied to the petroleum products supply chain. In this context, we present the development of acceleration techniques for the stochastic Benders decomposition that aim to strengthen the cuts generated, as well as to improve the quality of the solutions obtained during th...

With the advances in computer processing that have yielded an enormous increase in performance, numerical analytical approaches based on electromagnetic theory have recently been applied to mobile radio propagation analysis. One such approach is the ray-tracing method based on geometrical optics and the uniform geometrical theory of diffraction. In this paper, ray-tracing techniques that have b...

Heliospheric shocks are excellent systems for testing theories of particle acceleration in their environs. These generally fall into two classes: (1) interplanetary shocks that are linear in their ion acceleration characteristics, with the non-thermal ions serving as test particles, and (2) non-linear systems such as the Earth’s bow shock and the solar wind termination shock, where the accelera...

The method of enforcing sparsity during magnetic resonance imaging reconstruction has been successfully applied to partially parallel imaging (PPI) techniques to reduce noise and artifact levels and hence to achieve even higher acceleration factors. However, there are two major problems in the existing sparsity-constrained PPI techniques: speed and robustness. By introducing an auxiliary variab...

A comprehensive review is undertaken of the methods available for 3D whole-heart first-pass perfusion (FPP) and their application to date, with particular focus on possible acceleration techniques. Following a summary of the parameters typically desired of 3D FPP methods, the review explains the mechanisms of key acceleration techniques and their potential use in FPP for attaining 3D acquisitio...

We discuss the effects of the δ2 and Lubkin acceleration methods on the partial sums of Fourier Series. We construct continuous, even Hölder continuous functions, for which these acceleration methods fail to give convergence. The constructed functions include some interesting trigonometric series whose properties were investigated by Hardy and Littlewood.