The analgesic effects of acupuncture were compared with those of codeine in the treatment of postoperative dental pain in 40 healthy male volunteers 18 to 30 years old. Upon the patient's recovery from local anesthesia (lidocaine), he was asked by a trained observer to classify the intensity of his pain as none, mild, moderate, or severe. He then received one of the following treatments: 1. Pla...

Codeine (methyl morphine) is a widely used opioid that is administered alone or in combination with other drugs, such as antihistamines, decongestants, and mild analgesics. There are few reports of generalized dermatitis induced by oral codeine and cross-reactivity with morphine [1-4]. A 43-year-old man experienced 3 episodes of generalized pruriginous rash after taking analgesic and antitussiv...

BACKGROUND The ease, noninvasiveness, and safety of oral fluid collection have increased the use of this alternative matrix for drugs-of-abuse testing; however, few controlled drug administration data are available to aid in the interpretation of oral fluid results. METHODS Single oral codeine doses (60 and 120 mg/70 kg) were administered to 19 volunteers. Oral fluid and plasma were analyzed ...

BACKGROUND Prescription opioid misuse has doubled over the past 10 years and is now a public health epidemic. Analysis of social media data may provide additional insights into opioid misuse to supplement the traditional approaches of data collection (eg, self-report on surveys). OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to characterize representations of codeine misuse through analysis of public p...

Some remedies have long outlived their usefulness and have thankfully been relegated to historical archives, supplanted by safer, more effective drugs. We no longer prescribe mercury loop diuretics or antisyphilitic arsenicals. Yet, the use of codeine-containing products persists for cough relief and analgesia in children. As Kaiser et al report in their study “National Patterns of Codeine Pres...

A 3-year-old girl was transferred from an outside hospital to the emergency department after being found shivering and unattended outside of a public shopping area in winter. She presented with decreased mental status and possible hypothermia; she was lethargic and slipped in and out of consciousness. No cause for this alteration in her mental state was obvious; however, a physical examination ...

BACKGROUND Both the illicit drug heroin and the prescription drug codeine are metabolized to morphine, which tends to complicate interpretation of opiate-positive samples. We report here the concentrations of morphine and codeine, the morphine/codeine ratios, and 6-acetylmorphine (6-AM) in blood specimens from individuals arrested for driving under the influence of drugs (DUID) in Sweden. The r...

Cytochrome P450; Drug Interactions; CYP3A4; CYP2D6; Metabolites; Opioids. Introduction metabolism of codeine, fentanyl, methadone, oxycodone, and . WebMD provides information about interactions between Codeine Sulfate Oral and. Buprenorphine effects in methadone-maintained volunteers: effects at two . Methadone is a potent drug, and can interact with other drugs to have block the high of other ...

Codeine is an old drug that still enjoys widespread clinical use although the logical basis for its popularity has been questioned. It is considered to be suitable for mild to moderate pain but not for more intense pain even in large doses. The World Health Organisation has devised a three-step analgesic ladder for the progressive treatment of increasing pain; on this codeine is considered a we...

There is very limited knowledge about possible pharmacokinetic interactions between opioid analgesics and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), which are commonly used in combination for the treatment of chronic pain. The major metabolic pathway of the weak opioid codeine is glucuronidation to codeine6-glucuronide. Therefore we investigated the influence of the NSAID diclofenac on the f...