The stability of all single-base mismatched pairs between a peptide nucleic acid 11-mer and its complementary DNA has been quantified in terms of their melting temperature and compared with the limited amount of data published to date. The strength of the interaction was determined by an automated affinity-electrophoretic approach permitting the visualization, in real time, of hybridization bet...

Cations of the alkali earth group have strong tendencies to form partially dissociated complexes in solution with the anions of carboxylic acids and other weak acids. The affinity of this association tends to increase with the number of carboxylic acid groups of the acid anion. In a considerable number of cases the effect has been studied quantitatively and expressed in terms of well defined di...

The interplay of biomolecules governs all cellular processes. Qualitative analysis such interactions between as well the quantitative assessment their binding affinities are essential for understanding biochemical mechanisms. As scientific interest therefore moves beyond pure structural investigation, methods that allow investigation become increasingly relevant. In this perspective we outline ...

THE latest work on the isoelectric point of lecithin is that of Price and Lewis [1933] investigating the macrocataphoresis oflecithin dispersions. As in previous work it was noted that the electrical properties of lecithin show a gradual change with the time. Thus the (presumably negative) mobility of a freshly prepared dispersion "increased, at given PHX with the age of the lecithin used, reac...

When processing lignocellulosic biomass materials to obtain platform molecules such as levulinic acid (LA), alkyl levulinates or ?-valerolactone (GVL), the choice of solvent is prime importance for kinetics. The knowledge relationships between reaction kinetics and serves a decision tool process design. To determine relationships, esterification reactions was chosen because steps are present in...

Esterification of lauric acid with n-butanol, catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase (CAL) in aqueous-organic biphasic solvent system was studied. Effects of various reaction parameters on esterification were investigated, such as type and amount of solvent, amount of buffer, pH, temperature, speed of agitation, amount of enzyme, butanol and lauric acid. The most suitable reaction c...