A systematic review of the epidemiology of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) has been performed, applying strict criteria for quality of studies and the disease definition used. The prevalence and incidence of GORD was estimated from 15 studies which defined GORD as at least weekly heartburn and/or acid regurgitation and met criteria concerning sample size, response rate, and recall peri...

Gastroesophageal reflux refers to the passage of gastric contents including food, acid, and digestive enzymes up into the esophagus. Reflux is most commonly recognized in infants when it is associated with regurgitation, known as "spitting up," and it is usually a self-limited, benign process that has little or no effect on normal weight gain or development. Adults and adolescents may also have...

Mrs B, a 49-year-old female, was referred to our institution for severe mitral regurgitation. Transthoracic echocardiography showed only a moderate organic mitral regurgitation, but a transient severe reversible functional mitral regurgitation was observed during transoesophageal echocardiography (TEE). Three-dimensional TEE clearly demonstrated the functional nature of the regurgitation with a...

The aim of this study was to analyze the data of endoscopy and symptoms in 118 Mexican patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), dyspepsia, non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) and erosive esophagitis (EE). IBS criteria were fulfilling for dyspepsia patients in 47%, for NERD in 48%, and for EE patients in 48% of cases. Esophagitis was present in 42% of patients with IBS and in 45% of patients ...

BACKGROUND Echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease (RHD) has the potential to detect subclinical cases for secondary prevention, but is constrained by inadequate human resources in most settings. Training non-expert health workers to perform focused cardiac ultrasound (FoCUS) may enable screening at a population-level. We aimed to evaluate the quality and agreement of FoCUS for ...

BACKGROUND Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is widely recognized as a non-invasive gold standard for quantification of ventricular volumes. In addition, it is an emerging diagnostic modality for clinical evaluation of mitral regurgitation (MR) and aortic regurgitation (AR). CMR facilitates accurate quantitation of regurgitation volumes and regurgitant fraction, but referring physicians a...

Echocardiography was used to study left ventricular size and contraction in 90 patients with isolated mitral valve disease--47 patients with mitral stenosis, 26 with mixed mitral valve disease and 89 with mitral regurgitation. Left ventricular measurements included the end-diastolic internal dimension (LVIDd), mural thickness (PWTd), an index of circumferential myocardial contraction--fractiona...

To assess the prevalence of valvular regurgitation in the aged, we studied 176 apparently healthy volunteers with no history or physical evidence of cardiac abnormality. Their ages ranged from 40 to 90 (66 +/- 14, mean +/- SD) years. We examined these subjects by pulsed Doppler echocardiography combined with two-dimensional echocardiography to determine the prevalence of valvular regurgitation....

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of membranous ventricular septal defect complicated with tricuspid regurgitation and the significance of ventricular septal defect occlusion by echocardiography. A total of 43 patients with membranous ventricular septal defect complicated with tricuspid regurgitation were observed by echocardiography and the changes in length, area and volume of tricusp...

T he prevalence of valve regurgitation in healthy people has been previously examined by echocardiography. Pulmonary regurgitation or tricuspid regurgitation (TR) was common, mitral regurgitation (MR) was less common, and aortic regurgitation was generally undetectable. In addition, the prevalence of regurgitant signals varies with age or sex. Assuming that a low prevalence of regurgitant signa...