Bakers' yeast oxidizes acetate at a high rate only after an adaptation period during which the capacity of the glyoxylate cycle is found to increase. There was apparently no necessity for the activity of acetyl-coenzyme A synthetase, the capacity of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, or the concentrations of the cytochromes to increase for this adaptation to occur. Elevation of fructose 1,6 diphosph...

NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I), one of the most complicated multi-protein enzyme complexes, is important for energy metabolism because it is the initial enzyme of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. Deficiency of complex I is frequently found in various tissues of patients with neurodegenerative disease. Here we studied the protein levels of complex I 24- and 75-kDa subunits in se...

• Ractopamine affects mitochondrial proteome in beef LL muscle. Proapoptotic protein and oxidative phosphorylation enzyme were less abundant after ractopamine supplementation. supplementation increased the abundance of fatty acid metabolic anti-apoptotic protein. Dietary causes a muscle fiber shift cattle, biochemistry mitochondria postmortem muscles is influenced by type. Nonetheless, influenc...

Signal transduction pathways inactivated during periods of starvation are implicated in the regulation of longevity in organisms ranging from yeast to mammals, but the mechanisms responsible for life-span extension are poorly understood. Chronological life-span extension in S. cerevisiae cyr1 and sch9 mutants is mediated by the stress-resistance proteins Msn2/Msn4 and Rim15. Here we show that m...

In plants, iron (Fe) is essential for mitochondrial electron transport, heme, and Fe-Sulphur (Fe-S) cluster synthesis; however, plant mitochondrial Fe transporters have not been identified. Here we show, identify and characterize the rice mitochondrial Fe transporter (MIT). Based on a transfer DNA library screen, we identified a rice line showing symptoms of Fe deficiency while accumulating hig...

Isocitrate lyase and malate synthetase, key enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle, were present in postparasites of the mermithid nematode Romanomermis culicivorax. Specific activities of enzymes were higher in adult postparasites than in newly emerged juveniles. Isocitrate lyase had a well-defined pH optimum (7.5), whereas malate synthetase functioned optimally over a broad range of alkaline pH (7.5...

Transfection of V79 Chinese hamster cells produced clones in which CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZn-SOD) activities were 2.2- to 3. 5-fold higher than in the parental cells. An overall reduction of antioxidant enzyme activities and both total and oxidized glutathione levels had been found in these clones. Aconitase activities in these cells were determined to indirectly measure the O2- steady-st...

The response of duodenal cytosolic aconitase (c-aconitase) to oral repletion of graded doses of iron (Fe) during Fe-deficiency was studied in rats (WNIN strain). In addition, in vitro effect of zinc (Zn) on the enzyme activity was studied using duodenal cytosol. Iron-depleted male rats were orally repleted with either 100 or 190 or 370 microg of Fe/day (n=6, each) for 2 weeks. Fe repletion was ...

Recent Mössbauer and EPR studies of two ferredoxins and of aconitase have given evidence for a three-iron cluster, probably of a [3Fe-3S] type. The studies of the oxidized EPR-active centers have shown that the three iron sites are characterized by significantly different magnetic hyperfine coupling constants. For the ferredoxin from Azotobacter vinelandii, for instance, we have observed A1 = -...

Nitric oxide (NO.) is a naturally occurring toxin that some organisms adaptively resist. In aerobic or anaerobic Escherichia coli, low levels of NO. exposure inactivated the NO.-sensitive citric acid cycle enzyme aconitase, and inactivation was more effective when the adaptive synthesis of NO.-defensive proteins was blocked with chloramphenicol. Protection of aconitase in aerobically grown E. c...