Neuroimmune dysregulation is a common phenomenon in different forms of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Cross-links between central and peripheral immune mechanisms appear to be disrupted as reflected by a series of immune markers (CD3, CD4, CD7, HLA-DR, CD25, CD28, and CD56) which show variability in brain disorders such as anxiety, depression, psychosis, stroke, Alzheimer's disease, Pa...

BACKGROUND Central nervous system (CNS) development and physiopathology are greatly affected by environmental stimuli. The intestinal barrier restricts the entrance of toxins, pathogens, and antigens while modulating the expression of various neuroactive compounds. The existence of a rich gut-to-brain communication raises the possibility that intestinal barrier alterations may take part in the ...

The ATP-gated P2X7 ion channel is an abundant microglial protein in the CNS that plays an important pathological role in executing ATP-driven danger signal transduction. Emerging data has generated scientific interest and excitement around targeting the P2X7 ion channel as a potential drug target for CNS disorders. Over the past years, a wealth of data has been published on CNS P2X7 biology, in...

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) was defined as a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome triggered by severe liver pathology and manifesting covert overt alterations up to hepatic coma death [1]. Acute failure (ALF) results in acute (AHE) characterized brain edema caused mechanisms closely linked ammonia toxicity [2]. Astrocytes are central cells the most sensitive being primarily source of glutamine syn...

The discovery of novel autoantibodies in neurological disorders contributes to a better understanding its pathogenesis, improves the accuracy diagnosis, and leads new treatment strategies. Advances techniques for screening detection have enabled antibodies central nervous system (CNS) neuromuscular diseases. Cell-based assays using live or fixed cells overexpressing target antigens are widely u...

Background: Using contemporary ultrasound equipment, it is possible to diagnose CNS defects in prenatal life. Many can be detected by the first and early second trimesters. 4D ultrasonography has a high sensitivity for detecting abnormalities used detect some foetal disorders.

The differential diagnosis of CNS white matter disease is broad, and can be divided into vascular, metabolic, infective, or inflammatory aetiologies. Isolated inflammatory disorders of the CNS are often associated with demyelination, and the two terms (inflammatory and demyelinating) are often used in conjunction. When the disease is monophasic, the term acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (AD...

Findings Out of 85 patients 34.2% was female and 65.8% were male (mean age 6.5± 3.9 years). Clinical symptoms were skin involvement in all patients (100%), GI involvement in 70.6%, joint and renal involvement (in acute phase) in 57.6% and 21.2%, respectively. Out of 56 male patients, 35.7% had genitalia involvement (75% scrotal swelling, 45% epididimo-orchitis like symptoms, 5% penis inflammati...

In childhood, central nervous system (CNS) presentations associated with antibodies to voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC) complex include limbic encephalitis, status epilepticus, epileptic encephalopathy, and autistic regression. We report the cases of two individuals (a 6-year-old male and an 11-year-old female) who presented with an acute-onset explosive seizure disorder with positive VGK...

Microtubules have been among the most successful targets in anticancer therapy and a large number of microtubule-targeting agents (MTAs) are in various stages of clinical development for the treatment of several malignancies. Given that injury and diseases in the central nervous system (CNS) are accompanied by acute or chronic disruption of the structural integrity of neurons and that microtubu...