Glutamine (GLN) has been shown to protect against inflammatory injury and illness in experimental and clinical settings. The mechanism of this protection is unknown; however, laboratory and clinical trial data have indicated a relationship between GLN-mediated protection and enhanced heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that GLN's benefic...

Since avian influenza virus H5N1-induced hypercytokemia plays a key role in acute lung injury, understanding its molecular mechanism is highly desirable for discovering therapeutic targets against H5N1 infection. In the present study, we investigated the role of autophagy in H5N1-induced lung inflammation by using H5N1 pseudotyped viral particles (H5N1pps). The results showed that H5N1pps signi...

Granulocytes are pivotal regulators of tissue injury. However, the transcriptional mechanisms that regulate granulopoiesis under inflammatory conditions are poorly understood. Here we show that the transcriptional coregulator B cell leukemia/lymphoma 3 (Bcl3) limits granulopoiesis under emergency (i.e., inflammatory) conditions, but not homeostatic conditions. Treatment of mouse myeloid progeni...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether or not peiminine inhibits lung inflammation and pulmonary fibrosis in a rat model of bleomycin-induced lung injury. Rats were randomly divided into 4 groups. In 3 groups, intratracheal bleomycin (5 mg/kg) was used to induce acute lung injury, followed by administration of either carboxymethyl cellulose (control group, n=14), dexamethasone (DXS gr...

OBJECTIVE Transfusion-related acute lung injury is the leading cause of transfusion-related mortality. A prospective study using electronic surveillance was conducted at two academic medical centers in the United States with the objective to define the clinical course and outcomes in transfusion-related acute lung injury cases. DESIGN Prospective case study with controls. SETTING University...

Inspiration of a high concentration of oxygen, a therapy for acute lung injury (ALI), could unexpectedly lead to reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and hyperoxia-induced acute lung injury (HALI). Nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat PYD-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) senses the ROS, triggering inflammasome activation and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production and secretion. However,...

Numerous experimental studies demonstrate key aspects of mechanical ventilation which initiate or exacerbate acute lung injury, characterized by proteinaceous edema, inflammation, and hemorrhage. The great majority these investigations into Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury (VILI) have focused on the characteristics directly regulated clinician, including individual tidal cycle-tidal volume, inspi...

Background: This study sought to examine the factors influencing acute kidney injury (AKI) in perioperative period after lung transplantation (LT).

We previously reported that exposure of mice to hyperoxia is characterized by extensive lung cell necrosis and apoptosis, mild inflammatory response, and elevated circulating levels of corticosterone. Administration of hydroxycortisone acetate during hyperoxia aggravated lung injury. Using adrenalectomized (ADX) and sham-operated (sham) mice, we studied the role of the glucocorticoids in hypero...