This article demonstrates the advantages of a cooperative, coevolutionary search in difficult control problems. The symbiotic adaptive neuroevolution (SANE) system coevolves a population of neurons that cooperate to form a functioning neural network. In this process, neurons assume different but overlapping roles, resulting in a robust encoding of control behavior. SANE is shown to be more effi...

spinal muscular atrophy (sma) is a genetic disorder which affect nervous system and is characterized with progressive distal motor neuron weakness. the survival motor neuron (smn) protein level reduces in patients with sma. two different genes code survival motor neuron protein in human genome. skeletal and intercostal muscles denervation lead to weakness, hypotony, hyporeflexia, respiratory fa...

A complex-valued real-time recurrent learning (CRTRL) algorithm for the class of nonlinear adaptive filters realized as fully connected recurrent neural networks is introduced. The proposed CRTRL is derived for a general complex activation function of a neuron, which makes it suitable for nonlinear adaptive filtering of complex-valued nonlinear and nonstationary signals and complex signals with...

Texture and feature extraction is an important research area with a wide range of applications in science and technology. Selective extraction of entangled textures is a challenging task due to spatial entanglement, orientation mixing, and high-frequency overlapping. The partial differential equation (PDE) transform is an efficient method for functional mode decomposition. The present work intr...

Cell-gene therapy is a dynamic constituent of novel medical biotechnology. Neurodegenerative disordersin which damage to or demise of specific brain cell types plays central role, are clear examples of diseasecandidate for cell replacement therapy. Dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons biosynthesize dopamine, a vitalneurotransmitter in the central nervous system. Due to the involveme...

background and objective: deprenyl is a drug for the treatment of parkinson’s disease, where the dopaminergic neurons are the target of this drug. several reports also documented that deprenyl has an effect on the sensory and motor neurons. there are some reports about the mode of action of deprenyl on motoneurons as a neuroprotective agent, while others believe that deprenyl acts as a neurores...

Persistent cognitive and behavioral symptoms that characterize many mental health disorders arise from impaired neuroplasticity in several key corticolimbic brain regions. Recent evidence suggests that reciprocal neuron-microglia interactions shape neuroplasticity during physiological conditions, implicating microglia in the neurobiology of mental health disorders. Neuron-microglia interactions...

ALS is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by a progressive loss of motor neurons and atrophy of distal axon terminals in muscle, resulting in loss of motor function. Motor end plates denervated by axonal retraction of dying motor neurons are partially reinnervated by remaining viable motor neurons; however, this axonal sprouting is insufficient to compensate for motor neuron loss. ...

Neuropeptide signaling remodels the composition of a chemosensory circuit and shapes behavior in Caenorhabditis elegans. We reported that the ASE left (ASEL) salt sensory neuron uses a proprotein convertase, BLI-4, to cleave the insulin-like peptide INS-6. INS-6 peptides are released from the ASEL neuron in response to large, but not small changes in salt stimuli. Fast INS-6 signaling functiona...